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Originalarbeit

Verzögerte Identitätsentwicklung, Familienbeziehungen und Psychopathologie: Zusammenhänge bei gesunden und klinisch auffälligen Heranwachsenden

Published Online:May 19, 2017https://doi.org/10.1024/1422-4917/a000528

Abstract

Zusammenfassung. In einer vergleichenden Studie an gesunden Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen sowie einer Gruppe von Patienten (gesamt N = 732) wurde die Identitätsentwicklung im Kontext von Identitätsstress, elterlichen dysfunktionalen Erziehungsstilen und Symptombelastung untersucht. Erwartungsgemäß fand sich in der Gruppe der Patienten eine arretierte Identitätsentwicklung mit hohen Werten in ruminativer Exploration, besonders viel Identitätsstress und eine hohe externalisierende und internalisierende Symptombelastung; die elterlichen Erziehungsstile waren durch viel mütterliche psychologische Kontrolle bei fehlender Unterstützung zusammen mit einer ängstlichen väterlichen Erziehung gekennzeichnet. Auffallend war der enge Zusammenhang zwischen externalisierender Symptombelastung und Identitätsarretierung. In beiden Gruppen Gesunder fand sich ein altersgemäßer verzögerter Identitätsstatus, aber auch ein eher ängstliches Monitoring durch die Eltern. Im Vergleich zu den gesunden Jugendlichen zeichnen sich junge Erwachsene besonders durch starke Aktivitäten in der Identitätsentwicklung und viel Stress aus, ohne dass es allerdings zu einer Zunahme von Symptomen kommt.


Delayed identity development, family relationships and psychopathology: Links between healthy and clinically disturbed youth

Abstract. This study compared three groups of various age and health status (total N = 732) with respect to their identity status, stress level, and parental behavior. As expected, patients were characterized by delayed identity development, particularly ruminative exploration. Further, patients experienced high identity stress and described high levels of anxious paternal rearing and intrusive maternal psychological control. The patients‘ levels of both internalizing and externalizing symptomatology were high, and the impact of externalizing symptoms on identity arrest was strong. Identity status was delayed, albeit age adequate in both groups of healthy youths, with comparably high levels of anxious parental monitoring. Compared to adolescents, young adults were particularly active in their identity development, showing a high level of identity stress but no increase in psychopathology.

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