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Originalarbeit

Psychopathologie bei Jugendlichen aus sieben Ländern: Welche Bedeutung hat die Kontrolle von Identitätsentwicklung und Familienbeziehungen?

Published Online:November 19, 2018https://doi.org/10.1024/1422-4917/a000633

Abstract

Zusammenfassung. In dieser kulturvergleichenden Studie wurde der Einfluss von Geschlecht und Land auf die Symptombelastung von Jugendlichen untersucht, nachdem identitätsbezogene Faktoren kontrolliert wurden. In einer Stichprobe von 2259 Jugendlichen (M = 15.3 Jahre; 54 % weiblich) aus Frankreich, Deutschland, der Türkei, Griechenland, Peru, Pakistan und Polen wurde die Identitätsentwicklung und der mütterliche Erziehungsstil (Unterstützung, psychologische Kontrolle und ängstliches Monitoring) sowie die internalisierende und externalisierende Symptombelastung ermittelt. In einer Kovarianzanalyse wurde die Variation durch Land, Geschlecht und Alter sowie die Interaktion Land x Geschlecht unter Kontrolle des mütterlichen Erziehungsverhaltens und der Identitätsentwicklung als Kovariaten betrachtet. Es zeigte sich ein ähnliches Ergebnis für internalisierende und externalisierende Symptomatik: Rumination und mütterliche Unterstützung, psychologische Kontrolle und ängstliches Monitoring waren signifikante Kovariaten. Der Effekt von Land, Geschlecht, Alter und die Interaktion Land x Geschlecht waren auch nach der Kontrolle der Kovariaten signifikant. Das Auspartialisieren der Kovariaten führte zu einem klareren Bild von länder- und geschlechtsspezifischen Effekten in der Symptombelastung, ein Ergebnis das hilfreich bei der Entwicklung von Interventionsmethoden ist.


Psychopathology in adolescents from seven countries: What role does controlling identity development and family relationships play?

Abstract. This study analyzed the unique effects of gender and culture on psychopathology in adolescents from seven countries, after controlling for factors that might have contributed to variations in psychopathology. In a sample of 2259 adolescents (M = 15 years; 54 % female) from France, Germany, Turkey, Greece, Peru, Pakistan, and Poland, we assessed identity development, maternal parenting (support, psychological control, anxious rearing), and psychopathology (internalizing, externalizing). Using an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), we analyzed country, sex, age, and the interaction country x sex as independent variables, while controlling for maternal rearing dimensions and identity development as covariates. This resulted in similar findings for internalizing and externalizing symptoms: Identity rumination and maternal rearing (support, psychological control, anxious rearing) proved to be significant covariates. Further, country, sex, age, and the interaction country x sex were significant. These analyses result in a clearer picture of culture- and gender-specific effects on psychopathology, which is helpful in designing interventions.

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