Entwicklungspsychopathologie Sozialer Angststörungen
Abstract
Die Soziale Phobie (oder Soziale Angststörung) stellt eine häufige psychische Störung dar, die insbesondere aufgrund ihres chronischen Verlaufs mit umfassenden Beeinträchtigungen einhergeht. Voraussetzung für die langfristig wirksame Behandlung oder Prävention der Störung ist ein umfassendes Verständnis bedingender und aufrecht erhaltender Faktoren. Mittlerweile liegen neben einer Reihe deskriptiver Störungsmodelle zur Entstehung und Aufrechterhaltung eine Vielfalt empirischer Ergebnisse zu Risikofaktoren sozialer Ängste vor. Neben einem Überblick über Phänomenologie und Epidemiologie Sozialer Angststörungen liegt der Schwerpunkt der Arbeit auf der Diskussion möglicher Einflussfaktoren in einer Entwicklungspsychopathologie der Sozialen Phobie. Dabei werden internale Faktoren, wie Familiengenetik, Temperament, kognitive Stile und soziale Fertigkeiten, sowie externe Faktoren, wie Erziehungsverhalten der Eltern und Erfahrungen mit der sozialen Umwelt, berücksichtigt. Zur Integration dieser Befunde werden differenzierte Modelle zur Ausbildung und zu differenziellen Entwicklungsverläufen generalisierter und isolierter sozialer Ängste vorgeschlagen.
Social phobia is a frequent and disabling clinical condition that causes considerable suffering and impairment – especially due to its chronic course. A profound understanding of developmental and maintaining mechanisms is needed to prevent and treat social anxiety efficaciously. In the past years, a variety of data on risk factors of social fears have been collected. The current review starts with an overview about phenomenological as well as epidemiological data on social phobias. Main focus is laid on a discussion of potential internal and external risk factors that are linked to the development of social fears, especially genetic factors, temperament, cognitive styles and social skills as well as rearing and social experiences. The paper concludes with a differentiated developmental model of generalized and specific social phobias as an attempt to integrate the presented empirical findings.
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