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Themenschwerpunkt

Trauma-Erfahrungen und sexueller Missbrauch bei ADHS

Published Online:March 06, 2015https://doi.org/10.1024/1661-4747/a000219

Abstract

Ziel der vorgestellten Untersuchung ist die qualitative und quantitative Erhebung kindlicher Traumatisierungen, insbesondere sexuellem Missbrauch bei ADHS-Patienten. Es wurden 125 Personen mit kindlicher ADHS und 195 Kontrollpersonen hinsichtlich traumatisierender Erfahrungen einschließlich sexuellen Missbrauchs mittels standardisierter Fragebögen retrospektiv befragt. Personen mit kindlicher ADHS berichteten durchschnittlich häufiger oder stärker ausgeprägt emotionalen Missbrauch, körperliche Misshandlung, sexuellen Missbrauch, emotionale Vernachlässigung und körperliche Vernachlässigung. Im Vergleich zur Kontrollgruppe berichteten Personen mit kindlicher ADHS häufiger sexuelle Übergriffe mit und ohne Körperkontakt in der Kindheit. Personen mit kindlicher ADHS, die einen sexuellen Missbrauch in der Kindheit beschreiben, schilderten retrospektiv eine stärker ausgeprägte ängstlich-depressive Symptomatik als ADHS-Betroffene ohne Missbrauchserlebnis. Viele erwachsene ADHS-Patienten beschreiben Traumatisierungen. Aufgrund des retrospektiven Ansatzes der vorliegenden Untersuchung kann hieraus allerdings nicht sicher geschlossen werden, dass ADHS einen Risikofaktor für Traumatisierungen einschließlich sexuellen Missbrauchs darstellt. Diesem Thema sollte bei der Behandlung von Kindern und Jugendlichen mit ADHS mehr Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt und Präventionsmaßnahmen entwickelt werden.


Trauma experience and child abuse in ADHD patients

Childhood traumatisation is frequently caused by sexual abuse. Goal of our study was the qualitative and quantitative analysis of childhood traumatisation in ADHD patients. We examined 125 adults with childhood ADHD and 195 controls. Traumatic experiences, including sexual abuse, were assessed by standardized questionnaires. ADHD subjects showed significant higher rates in emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional neglect, and physical neglect according to CTQ-subscales as compared to controls. ADHD persons described both more hands-on- and hands-off sexual abuse in childhood. Moreover, ADHD subjects who reported sexual abuse described significant more anxious and depressive symptoms in childhood than non-abused ADHD subjects. Our results suggest a higher risk for ADHD children to become a victim of sexual abuse. Therefore preventive work might be required and therapy should pay attention to potential traumatisation in ADHD patients.

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