Abstract
Zusammenfassung.In diesem Beitrag werden aktuelle empirische Ergebnisse zur Bedeutung von psychologischen Faktoren, vor allem von Persönlichkeitsvariablen, kognitiven Aspekten, Kommunikation, Bindung, Stress und Coping für einen ungünstigen Partnerschaftsverlauf und Scheidung resümiert, wobei nur auf Forschungsbefunde und nicht auf theoretische Ansätze eingegangen wird. Der Überblick zeigt, dass heute eindeutige Risikofaktoren für eine negative Entwicklung der Partnerschaft und Scheidung bekannt sind. Entgegen der in der Bevölkerung vertretenen Meinung, dass es sich dabei um Attraktivität, Status usw. handelt, zeigt die Forschung, dass vor allem emotionale Labilität (Neurotizismus) und ein Mangel an Kompetenzen bezüglich Kommunikation und Stressbewältigung prädiktive Bedeutung haben. Das Wissen über andere Bedingungen, z.B. Bindungsstil, ist dagegen noch zu wenig gesichert. Die klinische Relevanz der Scheidungsursachenforschung für die Prävention bei Paaren wird aufgezeigt, und drei, aus der Grundlagenforschung entwickelte Präventionsansätze werden dargestellt.
Abstract. This article reviews current findings on psychological predictors for a negative marital development and divorce. Theories on divorce are not resumed, as this article focuses exclusively on research data. Results on the significance of personality factors, cognitive variables, communication, attachment, stress, coping etc. are reviewed. The results show that currently important factors predicting the decline of marriages and their dissolution are known, which not only allow a rather reliable prediction, but also offer new possibilities in marital prevention. Whereas a number of assumed variables (such as physical attraction, status) do not reliably predict divorce, two main predictors have been found: neuroticism and a lack of competencies in the domains of marital communication, marital problem solving and individual as well as dyadic coping. These findings are discussed in regard to marital interventions, where three empirically based approaches for the prevention of marital distress are presented.
Lieratur
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