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Geschlechterunterschiede im Bullying: Indirekt-/relational- und offen-aggressives Verhalten unter Jugendlichen

Published Online:September 01, 2006https://doi.org/10.1026//0942-5403.9.4.231

Abstract

Zusammenfassung. In der internationalen Forschung zum Bullying bzw. zur Viktimisierung unter Kindern wird seit einigen Jahren indirekten Formen mehr Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt. Indirekte, soziale oder relationale Aggression liegt vor, wenn eine Person über die sozialen Beziehungen versucht, einer anderen Person Schaden zuzufügen. Während Jungen häufiger als Mädchen direkte Formen aggressiven Verhaltens zeigen, scheinen die Mädchen eher indirekt- oder relational-aggressive Verhaltensweisen zu wählen. Es wurden 1353 Schülerinnen und Schüler im Alter von 11 bis 16 Jahren einer Kooperativen Gesamtschule in Niedersachsen mit Hilfe des “Mobbingfragebogens” (Olweus, 1991) befragt. Erstmalig wurde im deutschen Sprachraum eine Revision des Fragebogens verwendet, die explizit indirekt/relationale Formen des Bullyings bzw. von Viktimisierung miterfaßt. Im Vergleich zu Studien mit dem unrevidierten Olweus-Fragebogen ist in der vorliegenden Studie das Überwiegen der Jungen an Bullies und Opfern deutlich reduziert. Bei Bullies, die häufig indirekt/relationale Formen bevorzugen, dominieren die Mädchen. Vor dem Hintergrund dieser Befunde wird vorgeschlagen, ein Erhebungsinstrument zu konstruieren, das den Besonderheiten der relationalen Aggression Rechnung trägt.


Sex differences in bullying: indirect-/relational- and overt-aggressive behavior among adolescents

Abstract. Only recently, research on bullying and victimization among children and adolescents has focused on indirect forms of aggression: indirect, social or relational aggression aims at harming a person by means of social relationships. Whereas aggressive boys prefer direct forms of aggression, aggressive girls tend to use indirect, social or relational forms. 1353 students, aged 11 to 16 years, of a secondary school in Lower Saxony, Germany, completed the “Bully/Victim-Questionnaire for Students” (Olweus, 1991). For the first time in Germany, a partly revised version was applied in this study, that explicitly included indirect/relational forms of bullying/victimization. In comparison to studies with the unrevised Olweus-Questionnaire, the predominance of male students among bullies and victims is significantly reduced. Girls predominate significantly among the bullies who often prefer indirect/relational forms of bullying. According to our results, we suggest the construction of an instrument of survey to require the specific characteristics of indirect/relational aggression.

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