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Originalia

Zur Bedeutung von sozialer Unterstützung während der Schwangerschaft

Published Online:April 17, 2014https://doi.org/10.1026/0033-3042/a000197

Abstract

Eine wachsende Zahl an Studien dokumentiert die negativen Auswirkungen von mütterlichen psychosozialen Stressoren (z. B. mütterliche Depression) und gesundheitsrelevanten Verhaltensweisen (z. B. Nikotin- und Alkoholkonsum) während der Schwangerschaft auf den Geburtsausgang. Jedoch werden mütterliche Ressourcen in diesem Kontext noch unzureichend berücksichtigt. Das Ziel ist es daher, die Bedeutung sozialer Unterstützung als frühe Ressource im Schwangerschaftsverlauf und zum Zeitpunkt der Geburt im Hinblick auf das Gesundheitsverhalten der Schwangeren und im Hinblick auf Geburtsmaße zu untersuchen. Die Datenbanken Web of Science und PubMed wurden entsprechend nach deutsch- und englischsprachigen Beiträgen für den Zeitraum 2003 bis 2013 durchsucht. 23 Studien erfüllten die Auswahlkriterien. Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen, dass die Befundlage sehr inkonsistent ist, was teilweise auf die unterschiedlichen Definitionen sozialer Unterstützung und die Nutzung verschiedener Erhebungsinstrumente zurückzuführen ist. Des Weiteren fehlt es an Studien zur Bedeutung sozialer Unterstützung im Kontext mütterlicher psychosozialer Stressoren und Geburtsmaßen. Es bedarf weiterer Studien an Risiko- und Allgemeinpopulationen, die auf der Basis eines fundierten Rahmenkonzeptes mögliche Effekte der sozialen Unterstützung differenziert analysieren können.


Impact of social support during pregnancy

A growing body of literature documents the effects of maternal psychosocial stress (e. g., maternal depression) and health-related behaviors (e. g., nicotine and alcohol consumption) on birth outcomes. However, maternal resources in this context are still considered inadequate. The objective was to investigate the role of social support as a resource early in the course of pregnancy and at birth in relation to the health behavior of pregnant women and birth outcomes. The Web of Science and PubMed databases were searched for German and English language articles from 2003 through 2013 inclusive. Twenty-three studies fulfilled the selection criteria. Results of this review indicate that findings are often inconsistent, which may in part be due to differences in social support definitions and psychometric instruments. In addition, there is a lack of studies examining the impact of social support on the relationship between maternal psychosocial stress and birth outcomes. Studies in risk and on the general population as well as longitudinal studies are needed to test different causal relationships between social support, maternal psychosocial stress, and birth outcomes.

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