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Freie Beiträge

Fötale Programmierung

Der Einfluss von pränatalem mütterlichen Stress auf Entwicklung und Temperament des Säuglings

Published Online:August 28, 2013https://doi.org/10.1026/0942-5403/a000121

Abstract

Entsprechend dem Konzept der Fötalen Programmierung wirkt sich pränataler Stress nachhaltig auf die Gesundheit des Nachkömmlings aus. Die Hypothalamus-Hypophysen-Nebennierenrinden-Achse wird als eine mediierende Struktur angenommen, über welche sich mütterlicher Stress in der intrauterinen Umwelt auf den Fötus auswirkt. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde an 46 Mutter-Kind-Paaren die berichtete mütterliche Stressbelastung und Kortisolausschüttung während der Schwangerschaft erfasst. Im Alter von fünf Monaten wurden das frühkindliche Temperament sowie die motorische und kognitive Entwicklung der Säuglinge untersucht. Säuglinge von Müttern mit höherer pränataler Stressbelastung zeigten erwartungsgemäß ein schwierigeres Temperament, jedoch erwartungskonträr eine bessere motorische Entwicklung. Ein schwieriges Temperament des Säuglings stellt einen Risikofaktor für eine frühe Störung der Mutter-Kind-Interaktion dar. Frühe Präventionsmaßnahmen könnten helfen, dieses Risiko zu minimieren und Schutzfaktoren zu etablieren.


Fetal programming: The influence of prenatal maternal distress on infant development and temperament

According to the concept of fetal programming, prenatal distress has long-lasting consequences on the health of the offspring later in life. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is considered a mediating structure by which maternal distress is transferred to the developing fetus in intrauterine environment. In this study on 46 mother-child dyads, reported maternal distress and salivary cortisol were collected during pregnancy. Infant temperament as well as motor and cognitive development were assessed at five months. Infants whose mothers had experienced higher prenatal distress had a more difficult temperament and, unexpectedly, better motor development. Difficult infant temperament is considered to be a risk factor for disturbed mother-child interaction. Early prevention programs could help reduce this risk and develop protective factors.

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