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Erziehungspraxis

Körperliche Bestrafung: Prävalenz und Einfluss auf die psychische Entwicklung bei Vorschulkindern

Published Online:February 21, 2008https://doi.org/10.1026/0942-5403.17.1.46

Abstract

Zusammenfassung. Körperliche Bestrafung (kB) in der Erziehung ist immer noch weit verbreitet, obwohl die negativen Folgen vor allem von harter kB für die kindliche Entwicklung unumstritten sind. Seit November 2000 ist in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland jede physische und psychische Gewalt in der Erziehung untersagt (Neufassung des § 1631 BGB). Wie hoch ist die Prävalenzrate von kB bei Kindergartenkindern, welche Auswirkungen hat kB auf die kindliche Entwicklung? N = 477 Mütter (359 Väter) wurden zu prä und nach einem Jahr mit einer multimethodalen Fragebogenbatterie untersucht, die Mütter außerdem im Rahmen von Hausbesuchen befragt. Die Prävalenzrate von kB betrug 73 % bei den Müttern (58.5 % bei den Vätern, wobei diese Angaben auf Mütterurteilen beruhten). KB korrelierte wie erwartet bedeutsam mit soziodemografischen Variablen, der Häufigkeit kindlicher Verhaltensstörungen, dysfunktionalem Erziehungsverhalten und mütterlicher psychischer Befindlichkeit. Schlussfolgerungen: Eltern sollten die im Gesetz verankerten flankierenden Maßnahmen (z. B. Elterntrainings) zur gewaltfreien Bewältigung von Konfliktsituationen niedrig-schwellig zugänglich gemacht werden, nicht nur um die Inzidenz von kB zu reduzieren, sondern auch um negative Einflüsse bereits durchgeführter kB abzufedern.


Corporal punishment: Prevalence and impact on psychological development of preschool children

Abstract. The use of corporal punishment (CP) or spanking of children is still widespread, despite overwhelming evidence that harsh punishment in particular may be harmful and detrimental for children's development. Since 2000, Germany has adopted a law (§ 1631 BGB revised) that prohibits parents from using corporal and psychological punishment as a means of discipline. To examine the prevalence and the predictors of CP in a sample of preschool children, N = 477 mothers (359 fathers) were recruited in preschools and assessed with questionnaires and interviews at the start of the study and 1 year later. The prevalence rate of CP for mothers was 73 % (fathers, as assessed by the mothers: 58.5 %). As expected, CP correlated with socioeconomic variables, child behavior disorders, parenting competence, and mother's psychological distress. Results call for the provision of parent training on a public health basis, not only to lower the incidence of CP but also to prevent long-term negative consequences of CP.

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