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Freier Beitrag

Stressverarbeitung, Lebensqualität und körperliche Beanspruchungssymptome bei Kindern und Jugendlichen

Published Online:December 12, 2016https://doi.org/10.1026/0942-5403/a000216

Abstract

Zusammenfassung. In der vorliegenden Studie wurden hauptsächlich die Geschlechts- und Alterseffekte auf die Stressverarbeitung, gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität und körperliche Beanspruchungssymptomatik untersucht. Ferner sollte noch der Einfluss von Stressverarbeitungstypen auf die gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität und körperliche Beanspruchungssymptomatik überprüft werden. Hierfür wurden N = 577 Kinder und Jugendliche im Alter zwischen neun und 16 Jahren anhand des Stressverarbeitungsfragebogens für Kinder und Jugendliche, des KIDSCREEN-27 und dreier Items zur körperlichen Beanspruchungssymptomatik befragt. Die zweifaktoriellen multivariaten Varianzanalysen mit den unabhängigen Faktoren „Geschlecht“ und „Klassenstufe“ (4., 5., 7. vs. 9. Klasse) ergaben ein ungünstiges Stressverarbeitungsprofil, eine geringere Lebensqualität und eine erhöhte körperliche Beanspruchungssymptomatik bei den Älteren bzw. bei den Mädchen. Außerdem stellten Varianzanalysen eine höhere Lebensqualität und geringere körperliche Beanspruchungssymptomatik bei der Gruppe mit einem adaptiven Stressverarbeitungsstil im Vergleich zu der Gruppe mit einem maladaptiven Stil und der Gruppe mit insgesamt hohen Ausprägungen in der Stressverarbeitung fest. Die Befunde unterstützen die Bedeutung geschlechtssensibler, altersangepasster Gesundheitsförderprogramme im Grundschulalter.


Coping, Quality of Life, and Physical Strain Among Children and Adolescents

Abstract. Previous research has shown that stressful experiences increase across childhood and adolescence, and has provided evidence for an age-dependent impaired health status. Thereby, the impairment was not restricted to objective health parameters but also for subjective measures, showing an age-related decline in self-reported health-related quality of life (HrQoL). Coping has been found to moderate the stress–strain relationship. In more detail, maladaptive coping was associated with the development of internalizing and externalizing problems. Moreover, results regarding gender effects on coping and HrQoL were rather inconsistent. However, there is evidence supporting increased employment of support seeking combined with more frequent application of maladaptive internalizing coping behavior among females. Finally, research has demonstrated decreased HrQoL among girls. The present study was mainly aimed at investigating gender and age effects on coping, self-reported HrQoL, and physical strain. Furthermore, the effects of different coping styles on HrQoL and physical strain were examined. In total, n = 577 German children and adolescents aged from 9 to 16 years were included into this cross-sectional study. Pupils were asked to complete the German Coping Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents in a classroom setting, which measures three coping styles by nine coping strategies. There are two adaptive styles represented by emotion-focused coping (minimization and distraction/recreation) and problem-focused coping (situation control, positive self-instructions, and social support), and a maladaptive coping style consisting of the following strategies: passive avoidance, rumination, resignation, and aggression. In addition, self-reported HrQoL was assessed by the KIDSCREEN-27, and physical strain was measured by three single items. To create different coping styles, types of coping were classified by normative scores as follows: (a) adaptive copers were represented by high adaptive and low maladaptive coping, (b) high-intense copers had high scores in adaptive and maladaptive coping, (c) less-intense copers were characterized by low adaptive and maladaptive coping, and (d) maladaptive copers were represented by low adaptive and high maladaptive coping, respectively. An impaired coping pattern, lower HrQoL, and enhanced physical strain among older age groups and girls was found via two-fold multivariate analyses of variances with the between-subject factors gender and grade level. Additionally, explorative analyses of variances yielded higher HrQoL and decreased physical strain among adaptive copers compared with the groups of maladaptive and high-intense copers. Results support that coping and HrQoL should be assessed among children and adolescents to identify risk groups at an early stage. Moreover, application of health-promoting interventions among children tailored to gender and age is suggested. Thus, the development of psychosocial maladjustment could be prevented at an early stage.

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