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Originalia

Psychische Auffälligkeiten und Stressverarbeitung im Jugendalter

Eine 2-Jahres-Kohorten-Sequenz-Studie

Published Online:February 17, 2012https://doi.org/10.1026/0943-8149/a000057

Abstract

Zusammenfassung. Die Fähigkeit, Alltagsstressoren zu bewältigen, hat sich als wesentlicher Schutzfaktor in der psychosozialen Entwicklung im Jugendalter erwiesen. In der vorliegenden Studie sollten Alters-, Geschlechts- und Zeiteffekte auf die psychischen Auffälligkeiten und die habituelle Stressverarbeitung weiter untersucht werden. Insgesamt wurden N = 200 Jugendliche im Alter zwischen 11 und 15 Jahren in diese Kohorten-Sequenz-Studie eingeschlossen, die zwei Kohorten (Sechst-/Siebtklässler vs. Acht-/Neuntklässler), beide Geschlechter und zwei Messzeitpunkte (Studienbeginn vs. 24-Monatskatamnese) umfasste. Mädchen gaben höhere Ausprägungen in der sozialen Unterstützung und Ängstlichkeit/Depressivität an als Jungen. Außerdem gaben Mädchen an, weniger Bagatellisierung in sozialen Belastungssituationen einzusetzen und berichteten über weniger Selbstwertprobleme. Im 2-Jahresverlauf nahmen die externalisierenden Auffälligkeiten bei den Sechst- und Siebtklässlern zu. Schließlich nahmen die positiven Selbstinstruktionen bei den Jungen der achten/neunten Klasse über die Zeit zu. Demnach konnte die ungünstige psychische Entwicklung beider Geschlechter im Verlauf von der frühen zur mittleren Adoleszenz bestätigt werden, der durch präventive Maßnahmen vorgebeugt werden sollte.


Psychological problems and coping among adolescents: A 2-year cohort-sequential study

Abstract. The ability to cope adaptively with daily stressors has been shown to be a protective factor in the psychosocial development of adolescents. The aim of this prospective study was to further investigate age, gender, and time effects on psychological problems and interpersonal coping among adolescents. In total, n = 200 adolescents (ages 11 to 15 years) were investigated using a cohort-sequential design with two cohorts (sixth/seventh vs. eighth/ninth graders), both genders, and two time samples (baseline vs. 24-month follow-up assessment). Girls scored higher on social support and anxiety/depression, but lower on minimization and negative self than boys. Externalizing problems increased among sixth/seventh graders over time. Male eighth/ninth graders improved in positive self-instructions over time. Thus, development of psychological maladjustment from early to middle adolescence in both genders has been confirmed, which should be acknowledged in the conceptualization and implementation of preventive programs.

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