A Multilevel Multitrait-Multimethod Analysis
Abstract
The classical multitrait-multimethod (MTMM) matrix can be viewed as a two-dimensional cross-classification of traits and methods. Beside commonly used analysis methods such as structural equation modeling and generalizability theory, multilevel analysis offers attractive possibilities. If the focus is only on analyzing classical MTMM data, the multilevel approach has no surplus value, because the resulting model is equivalent to a confirmatory factor model with additional restrictions imposed by the multilevel parameterization. However, if the data contain further complexities, such as additional information on the traits or persons, multilevel analysis of MTMM data offers a flexible analysis tool with more possibilities than the other approaches.
References
1996). Full information estimation in the presence of incomplete data. In , Advanced structural equation modeling (pp. 243–277). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
(1959). Convergent and discriminant validation by the multitrait-multimethod matrix. Psychological Bulletin, 56, 81–105.
(1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
(2004). Die Multitrait-Multimethod-Analyse: Entwicklung neuer Modelle und ihre Anwendung in der Differentiellen und Diagnostischen Psychologie (Endbericht zum DFG-Projekt EI 379/5–2). Landau in der Pfalz: Universität Koblenz-Landau.
(2001). Die Multitrait-Multimethod-Analyse: Entwicklung neuer Modelle und ihre Anwendung in der Differentiellen und Diagnostischen Psychologie (Zwischenbericht zum DFG-Projekt EI 379/5–1). Trier: Universität Trier.
(1986). Het Gebruik van Hulptheorieën bij Operationalisering.
([Using auxiliary theories for operationalization] . University of Amsterdam: Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis.1995). Covariance structure modeling in Windows: A multitrait-multimethod analysis using Amos, Eqs and Lisrel. Bulletin de Méthodologie Sociologique, 46, 71–87.
(2002). Research methods in social relations. Wadsworth.
(1974). Analyzing psychological data by structural analysis of covariance matrices. In , Contemporary developments in mathematical psychology: Measurement, psychophysics, and information processing (Vol. 2, pp. 1–56). San Francisco: Freeman.
(1995). Latent variable models of multitrait-multimethod data. In , Structural equation modeling (pp. 177–198). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
(2005). People are variables too: Multilevel structural equations modeling. Psychological Methods, 10, 259–284.
(1990). Sprache und Persönlichkeitsstruktur. Zur Validität des Fünf-Faktoren-Modells der Persönlichkeit.
([Language and personality structure. On the validity of the five-factor model of personality] . (Vol. 42). Regensburg: Roderer.