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Review Article

Language Processing in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Semantic, Phonological, and Grammatical Impairments in Alzheimer’s Disease, Parkinson’s Disease, and Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration – A Linguistic Overview

Published Online:March 06, 2019https://doi.org/10.1024/1016-264X/a000245

Abstract

Abstract. Disorders of language and/or communicative abilities in neurodegenerative diseases are a common phenomenon. Over the past few decades, there has been a growing interest in language performance connected to these diseases. To date, studies in the field of language impairments in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) have focused mainly on particular aspects of language processing in the isolated disease or on comparing certain language tasks in two neurodegenerative diseases. To enable a better understanding and comparison of the underlying linguistic deficits in all three disorders, this paper focuses on phonological, semantic, and grammatical processing in each of the disorders. A review of the literature on language processing deficits reveals that phonological, semantic, and grammatical processing is impaired in the early stages of AD, PD, and FTLD, and that the underlying deficits are sometimes linguistic in nature. Language disorders, however, may also reflect cognitive deficits, such as short-term verbal memory impairments, attention deficits, and reduced switching capacities, all of which have an impact on language processing.


Semantische, phonologische und grammatikalische Beeinträchtigungen bei Alzheimer- und Parkinson-Krankheit sowie bei Frontotemporaler Degeneration – ein linguistischer Überblick

Zusammenfassung. Störungen von sprachlichen und kommunikativen Fähigkeiten bei neurodegenerativen Krankheiten sind ein weit verbreitetes Phänomen. In den letzten Jahrzehnten ist das Interesse an der Sprachleistung im Zusammenhang mit diesen Krankheiten gewachsen. Bisher konzentrierten sich Studien im Bereich der Sprachbeeinträchtigung bei Alzheimer- (AD) und Parkinson-Krankheit (PD) sowie Frontotemporaler Degeneration (FTLD) hauptsächlich auf bestimmte Aspekte der Sprachverarbeitung bei den einzelnen Krankheiten oder verglichen das Abschneiden bei bestimmten sprachlichen Aufgaben bei zwei neurodegenerativen Krankheiten. Um ein besseres Verständnis und einen Vergleich der sprachlichen Defizite bei allen drei Störungen zu ermöglichen, rückt diese Arbeit die phonologische, semantische und grammatikalische Verarbeitung bei den jeweiligen Krankheiten in den Mittelpunkt. Eine Durchsicht der Literatur über Defizite bei der Sprachverarbeitung zeigt, dass die phonologische, semantische und grammatikalische Verarbeitung in den frühen Stadien von AD, PD und FTLD beeinträchtigt ist und dass die zugrundeliegenden Defizite manchmal linguistischer Natur sind. Sprachstörungen können jedoch auch kognitive Defizite widerspiegeln, wie eine Beeinträchtigung des Kurzzeitgedächtnisses, Aufmerksamkeitsdefizite und reduzierte Schaltfähigkeit, zumal sie alle Auswirkungen auf die Sprachverarbeiten haben können.

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