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Themenschwerpunkt/Theme Articles

Auswahl von Patienten für eine Gruppenpsychotherapie

Eine Studie zur Überprüfung des GSQ an klinischen Stichproben aus dem deutschen Sprachraum

Published Online:February 26, 2007https://doi.org/10.1024/1661-4747.55.2.75

Abstract

Zusammenfassung. Mit dem Group Selection Questionnaire (GSQ) wurde ein ökonomisches Instrument für die Klinik und Forschung entwickelt, das Informationen über die Erwartungen von Patienten an eine Gruppentherapie, ihre Bereitschaft, mit anderen Teilnehmern in einer positiven Art zu interagieren und ihre Tendenz, in einer Gruppe dominierendes Verhalten zu zeigen, erheben soll. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde versucht, die Ergebnisse einer von Cox et al. (2004) in den USA beschriebenen Studie zum GSQ an zwei klinischen Stichproben (n = 267 und n = 385) aus dem deutschen Sprachraum zu replizieren. Zwei Teilstichproben von Psychotherapiepatient(inn)en aus acht bzw. fünf stationären Behandlungseinrichtungen wurden im Rahmen der Studie untersucht. Die Patienten wurden gebeten, einmalig vor der ersten Gruppensitzung die 19 Fragen des GSQ zu beantworten. Ziel dieser Studie war es, die Faktorenstruktur des GSQ durch konfirmatorische Faktorenanalysen zu überprüfen. Die Überprüfung erfolgte vorrangig mit Hilfe von Strukturgleichungsmodellen. An der ersten Stichprobe wurde deutlich, dass die deutschen Patienten eine moderate Übereinstimmung mit den amerikanischen Probanden bei der Beantwortung des GSQ zeigten. Mit einem geringfügig modifizierten Modell konnte allerdings eine sehr gute Übereinstimmung erzielt werden. Die verbleibenden Items luden auf denselben Faktoren wie dies in früheren GSQ-Studien mit einer bosnischen bzw. einer amerikanischen Stichprobe gezeigt werden konnte (Cox et al. 2004). Die Kreuzvalidierung dieses Ergebnisses an einer weiteren Patientenstichprobe bestätigte letztlich das Faktorenmodell, wenngleich insgesamt gesehen die psychometrische Qualität der Subskala Dominanz noch zu wünschen übrig lässt. Der GSQ könnte ein geeignetes Screening-Instrument werden, mit dessen Hilfe Kliniker effizient bereits vor Behandlungsbeginn Aussagen darüber treffen können, welche Patienten mit höherer Wahrscheinlichkeit eine Gruppentherapie frühzeitig abbrechen bzw. weniger profitieren werden. Um dies zu bestätigen, sind nun allerdings auch im deutschen Sprachraum Verlaufsstudien nötig.


Patient Selection for Group Psychotherapy - A Validation Study of the Group Selection Questionnaire (GSQ) in German Clinical Samples

Abstract. The Group Selection Questionnaire (GSQ) provides an economic measure for research and clinical practice to assess patients' expectations regarding the outcome of therapy, their level of quality of positive interactions with other group members and their affinity to display deviant behavior. The purpose of this study is to replicate results regarding the factor structure of the GSQ with adult populations from Bosnia and the US (Cox et al., 2004) within two clinical samples from Germany (n = 267 and n = 385). The patients were selected from eight, respectively five psychotherapeutic hospitals in Germany and were asked to answer the 19-item questionnaire once prior to treatment begin. The goal of this study was to evaluate the factor structure of the GSQ using Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Within the first sample, results showed that native German participants taking the GSQ showed a moderate fit with Americans taking the same questionnaire. With minimal changes, the model fit improved. The items remaining in the model revealed loadings on the same factors as in a Bosnian and an American sample. A cross-validation of the results in a further sample confirmed the model, although the psychometric quality of the subscale “dominance” remains unsatisfactory. The GSQ could become a screening instrument helping clinicians to select patients prior to treatment, who are more likely to either drop out of the group or show less benefit. To support this use of the GSQ, longitudinal studies in Germany are strongly recommended.

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