Der Zusammenhang zwischen Belästigung des Ex-Partners, Trennungskontext, Bindungsstil und Commitment gegenüber der Beziehung
Abstract
Die vorliegende Studie untersuchte via online-Befragung den Zusammenhang zwischen Ex-Partner-Belästigung und Trennungskontext, Bindungsstil sowie Commitment. Es wurde erwartet, dass jene Männer, die von ihrer Ex-Partnerin verlassen worden sind, eher zu Belästigungsverhalten gegenüber dieser tendieren als jene, die die Beziehung selber beendet haben. Des Weiteren wurde ein positiver Zusammenhang zwischen Belästigungsverhalten und ängstlicher Bindung erwartet. Schliesslich wurde erstmalig eine positive Beziehung zwischen Belästigungsverhalten und Commitment gegenüber der Beziehung postuliert. Für die Analysen wurden die Daten einer für die Universität Bern repräsentativen Stichprobe von männlichen Studenten und Doktoranden (N = 140) untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass insbesondere Commitment ein guter Prädiktor für Ex-Partner-Belästigung ist und dass der verlassene Partner zu mehr solchen stalkingähnlichen Verhaltensweisen neigt als der, der den Partner verlassen hat. Ebenfalls konnte eine Beziehung zwischen ängstlicher Bindung und Ex-Partner-Belästigung gefunden werden.
The present study investigated the correlation between post-relationship harassment, break-up context, attachment and commitment. Therefore an online questionnaire was used. Participants (N = 140) were men, being a representative sample of students at the University of Bern. It was assumed that male breakup sufferers were more likely to engage in unwanted pursuit behavior than relationship dissolvers. A positive relationship between unwanted pursuit behavior and anxious attachment was anticipated. For the first time the level of commitment was assumed to be directly proportional to unwanted pursuit behavior. Results show that breakup sufferers are more likely than relationship dissolvers to engage in stalking-like behavior. Commitment in particular is a significant predictor of unwanted pursuit behavior. A positive relationship between unwanted pursuit behavior and anxious attachment was found as well.
Literatur
(2000). Breaking up is hard to do, especially for preoccupied lovers. Journal of Personal and Interpersonal Loss, 5, 315–342.
(1993). Unrequited love: On heartbreak, anger, guilt, scriptlessness, and humiliation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 377–394.
(2009). Emotional responses to a romantic partner's imaginary rejection: The roles of attachment anxiety, covert narcissism and self-evaluation. Journal of Personality, 77, 287–325.
(1969, 1982). Attachment and loss, Vol. 1: Attachment. New York: Basic Books.
(1988). A secure base. New York: Basic Books.
(1998). Self-reported measurement of adult attachment. An investigative overview. In J. Simpson & W. Rohles (Eds.), Attachment theory and close relationship (S. 46–76). New York: Guilford.
(2008). Breaking up romantic relationships: costs experienced and coping strategies deployed. Evolutionary Psychology, 6, 164–181.
(1998). Obsessive relational intrusion and stalking. In B. H. Spitzberg & W. R. Cupach (Eds.), The dark side of close relationships (S. 233–263). Mahawah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
(2003). Physical, emotional, and behavioral reactions to breaking up: The roles of gender, age, emotional involvement, and attachment style. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29, 871–884.
(2000). Stalking perpetrators and psychological maltreatment of partners: Anger-jealousy, attachment insecurity, need for control and break-up context. Violence and Victims, 15, 407–425.
(2011). Effect of the breakup context on unwanted pursuit behavior perpetration between former partners. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 56, 934–941.
(1988). The abusive personality: Violence and control in intimate relationships. New York: The Guilford Press.
(2006). Predicting unwanted pursuit: Attachment, relationship satisfaction, relationship alternatives, and break-up distress. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 23, 565–586.
(2003). Stalking and psychological abuse: Common factors and relationship-specific characteristics. Violence and Victims, 18, 163–180.
(2002). Dealing with betrayal in close relationships: Does commitment promote forgiveness? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 956–974.
(1997). Impact of attachment style on reaction to accommodative dilemmas in close relationships. Personal Relationships, 4, 93–113.
(1994). What predicts divorce? The relationship between marital processes and marital outcomes. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
(2001). Skalen zum Investitionsmodell von Rusbult. Zeitschrift für Sozialpsychologie, 32, 29–44.
(2006). Stalking. Heidelberg: Springer Medizin Verlag.
(2000). Breaking up is hard to do: Unwanted pursuit behaviors following the dissolution of a romantic relationship. Violence and Victims, 15, 73–90.
(2001). An investigation of the psychological characteristics of stalkers: Empathy, problem solving, attachment and borderline personality features. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 46, 80–84.
(1995). A demographic and clinical comparison of obsessional followers and offenders with mental disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 152, 285–263.
(2007). Entwicklung und Validierung von Skalen zur Erfassung von Vermeidung und Angst in Partnerschaften: Der Bochumer Bindungsfragebogen (BoBi). Diagnostica, 53, 33–47.
(1999). The dangerous nature of intimate relationship stalking: threats, violence, and associated risk factors. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 17, 269–283.
(1981). Loving and leaving: sex differences in romantic attachments. Sex Roles, 7, 821–835.
(1980). Commitment and satisfaction in romantic associations: A test of the investment model. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 16, 172–186.
(1983). A longitudinal test of the investment model: The development (and deterioration) of satisfaction and commitment in heterosexual involvements. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45, 101–117.
(1998). The Investment Model Scale: Measuring commitment level, satisfaction level, quality of alternatives, and investment size. Personal Relationship, 5, 357–391.
(2004). Commitment and relationship maintenance mechanisms. In H.T. Reis & C.L. Rusbult (Eds.), Close relationships: Key readings (S. 287–304). London: Psychology Press.
(2007). When thinking hurts: Attachment, rumination, and post-relationship adjustment. Personal Relationships, 14, 351–368.
(2006). Predicting the onset of emotional recovery following nonmarital relationship dissolution: Survival analysis of sadness and anger. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32, 298–312.
(2012). Putting the brakes on aggression toward a romantic partner: The inhibitory influence of relationship commitment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 102, 291–305.
(2009). On the rebound: Focusing on someone new helps anxiously attached individuals let go of ex-partners. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 35, 1382–1394.
(1994). Two sides to the breakup of dating relationships. Personal Relationships, 1, 199–222.
(1998). Factors associated with distress following the breakup of a close relationship. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 15, 791–809.
(2010). Psychische Störungen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen (7. Aufl.). München: Urban & Fischer.
(Hrsg.)(2008). Investigating sub-groups of harassers: The roles of attachment, dependency, jealousy and aggression. Journal of Family Violence, 23, 557–568.