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Fokus Forschung

Komorbidität spezifischer Lernstörungen und psychischer Auffälligkeiten: ein Literaturüberblick

Published Online:November 05, 2018https://doi.org/10.1024/2235-0977/a000246

Abstract

Zusammenfassung. Es wird eine Übersicht über die Forschung zu Komorbiditäten von spezifischen Lernstörungen (SLS) und psychischen Auffälligkeiten gegeben. Eine Literatursuche erbrachte 1100 Artikel, von denen nach explizierten Kriterien 170 für die weiteren Analysen ausgewählt wurden. Ausgeschlossen wurden u.a. Artikel zu nonverbalen Lernstörungen, Buchrezensionen, Einleitungen zu Sonderheften sowie Fallstudien. Die Ergebnisse der Literaturrecherche zeigen, dass die Forschung sich zum großen Teil auf nicht näher spezifizierte Lernstörungen und Lesestörungen bezieht. In Bezug auf Komorbiditäten sind ADHS und sozial-emotionale Probleme die am häufigsten untersuchten Themen. Kinder mit SLS zeigen eine erhöhte Neigung zu externalisierenden und internalisierenden Auffälligkeiten, die jedoch unterhalb eines klinisch relevanten Niveaus liegt. ADHS scheint die am häufigsten auftretende Komorbidität bei Lese- und Rechtschreibstörung zu sein. Das Verhältnis von SLS zu psychischen Auffälligkeiten wird teilweise durch eine mangelnde Effizienz der Funktion des Arbeitsgedächtnisses und Aufmerksamkeitsstörung mediiert. Weiterer Forschungsbedarf besteht insbesondere zur Frage nach Komorbiditäten bei Rechenstörungen. Metaanalysen für den Bereich des Zusammenhangs von SLS und externalisierende Auffälligkeiten stehen noch aus.


Comorbidity between Specific Learning Disabilities and psychopathological problems: A state of the art review

Abstract. The aims of this literature review were to give an overview of the current knowledge on the comorbidity between Specific Learning Disabilities (SLD) and psychopathological problems. The search yielded 1100 articles, of which 170 were selected that deal with both SLD and psychopathological problems. We excluded articles about Nonverbal Learning Disability, book reviews, introductions to special issues, and case studies. The results show that most research has been done on general (unspecified) learning disabilities and reading disabilities. ADHD and social-emotional problems are the most studied comorbilities. The rate of both externalising and internalising behaviour problems is increased in children with SLD, but not on a clinical level. ADHD forms the highest comorbidity of all SLD's except math disability. The link between SLD and psychopathological problems seems partly mediated by inefficiencies in working memory functioning and attention. To increase knowledge and ultimately improve the suitability of SLD-interventions, more original research is needed in the fields of math disabilities. Meta-analyses are needed about the relations between SLD and externalising problems.

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