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Originalia

Der Einfluss independenter und interdependenter Selbstkonstruktion auf die Informationsverarbeitung im sozialen Kontext

Published Online:September 01, 2006https://doi.org/10.1026//0033-3042.53.2.61

Abstract

Zusammenfassung. Zahlreiche Studien belegen, dass Personen in Abhängigkeit davon, ob sie sich selbst vor allem als eine autonome, von anderen unabhängige Einheit definieren (independente Selbstkonstruktion) oder aber ihre Identität vorwiegend in ihrer Verbundenheit mit anderen Menschen sehen (interdependente Selbstkonstruktion), soziale Information unterschiedlich verarbeiten. Im vorliegenden Aufsatz gehen wir der Frage nach, auf welche Weise Selbstkonstruktionen das Denken, Fühlen und Handeln von Menschen beeinflussen. Wir schlagen das Semantisch-Prozedurale Interface-Modell des Selbst (SPI) vor, in dem zwei relevante Verarbeitungsmechanismen miteinander verknüpft werden. Neben Unterschieden in den semantischen Inhalten independenter und interdependenter Selbstkonstruktionen (semantischer Mechanismus) gehen beide Formen der Selbstkonstruktion auch mit unterschiedlichen Modi der Informationsverarbeitung einher (prozeduraler Mechanismus). Independente Selbstkonstruktionen begünstigen einen kontextunabhängigen Verarbeitungsmodus, d.h., dass Information unabhängig vom Kontext, in dem sie erscheint, verarbeitet wird. Demgegenüber erleichtern interdependente Selbstkonstruktionen kontextabhängiges Denken, d.h., Information wird unter Bezugnahme auf den Kontext, in dem sie erscheint, kategorisiert und interpretiert. Es werden verschiedene Experimente geschildert, die die beiden Mechanismen belegen. Abschließend wird diskutiert, inwieweit das SPI-Modell Geschlechtsunterschiede oder Unterschiede zwischen Angehörigen verschiedener Kulturen bei der Verarbeitung sozialer Informationen erklären kann.


The influence of independent and interdependent self-construals on information processing in the social context

Abstract. Several studies found evidence that social information processing is strongly influenced by the person either primarily defining his or her self as an autonomous entity (independent self-construal) or as related to other people (interdependent self-construal). In the present article, we want to describe the psychological mechanisms by which independent and interdependent self-construals affect individual experience. We propose the Semantic-Procedural Interface (SPI) model of the self, which describes two such mechanisms. In addition to differences in the semantic content areas from which independent and interdependent self-construals arise (semantic application mechanism), there are also different procedural modes of thinking (procedural application mechanism) associated with them. Independent self-definitions coincide with the tendency to process stimuli unaffected by the context in which they appear. Relating the self to the social contexts within interdependent self-construals facilitates context-bounded thinking, i.e. processing stimuli by paying attention to their relation to the given context. The results of several experiments attesting to the value of the differentation between both application mechanisms are presented. It is discussed in how far differences in information processing between the genders or between members of different cultural groups can be traced back to the mechanisms described in our SPI-model.

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