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Originalia

Arbeit und Gesundheit:

Published Online:September 01, 2006https://doi.org/10.1026//0033-3042.53.2.77

Abstract

Zusammenfassung. Der vorliegende Beitrag nimmt Stellung zu einigen grundsätzlichen Kontroversen, die für die Debatte über Arbeit und Gesundheit wesentlich sind. Zunächst wird diskutiert, ob ein Konzept objektiv bestimmbarer Stressoren und Ressourcen in der Arbeit angesichts der Individualität von Situationsbewertungen überhaupt sinnvoll ist. Dies wird bejaht, wenn man diese Merkmale im Sinne eines Risikofaktorenmodells begreift und kulturelle Gemeinsamkeiten in Bewertungsprozessen berücksichtigt. Im Hinblick auf die Frage, ob die gefundenen Zusammenhänge real sind oder auf Grund der häufigen Verwendung von Fragebögen eher Methodenartefakte widerspiegeln, wird aufgezeigt, daß sich auch bei Kontrolle konfundierender Einflüsse Effekte ergeben, die nicht auf Artefakte reduziert werden können. Als drittes wird dargestellt, daß hinter der - auch in diesem Bereich typischen - Varianzaufklärung von zehn Prozent durchaus substantielle Effekte stehen können, wenn man die involvierten relativen Risiken betrachtet. Und schließlich diskutieren wir das komplexe Verhältnis von personenbezogener versus organisationsbezogener Intervention und plädieren für eine stärkere Verzahnung beider Ansätze.


Work and health: controversies with regard to person and situation

Abstract. This article discusses a number of controversies that are typical for the field of work and health. First, we ask if a concept of “objective” stressors and resources at work makes sense, given that stress appraisals are highly individual processes. We argue that social influences on individual appraisals should not be neglected, and that the concept of stressors is viable if defined in terms of a risk factor model. Next, we discuss if the relationships found are not really artefacts due to common method variance, since many studies use questionnaires. However, studies controlling for such confounds typically yield smaller but still substantial effects. Third, we show that a variance explanation of ten per cent - which is typical for this type of research - can imply substantial relationships if one converts them into relative risks. Finally, the complex relationship between person-centered vs. job-centered intervention is discussed, and it is argued that the two depend on each other more than is often realized.

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