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Originalia

Stresserleben und verändertes Fahrverhalten nach einem virtuellen Autounfall

Published Online:October 29, 2012https://doi.org/10.1026/1616-3443/a000152

Abstract

Theoretischer Hintergrund: Verkehrsunfälle bedeuten enormem Stress, der die körperliche und psychische Gesundheit der Betroffenen beeinflussen kann. Zudem besteht das Risiko einer akuten oder posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung. Fragestellung: Die hier vorgestellten Studien untersuchten Stresserleben und Fahrverhalten während und nach einem virtuellen Verkehrsunfall sowie den moderierenden Einfluss von wahrgenommener Verantwortung. Methode: Die Probanden überholten je sechsmal einen Lkw auf einer Autobahnbrücke. Während der zweiten Fahrt verursachte dieser einen Verkehrsunfall mit Beteiligung des Probandenfahrzeugs. In Studie 1 warnten Windsäcke eine Probandengruppe vor erhöhter Unfallgefahr, in Studie 2 wurde die wahrgenommene Verantwortung variiert, indem die Probanden den Unfall als Fahrer oder als Beifahrer erlebten. Ergebnisse: Der Unfall löste in beiden Studien deutliche Stressreaktionen aus. In Studie 1 hatten die Windwarnungen keinen Einfluss auf das Fahrverhalten. In Studie 2 fuhren Probanden, die den Unfall als Fahrer erlebt hatten, nach dem Unfall vorsichtiger. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Ergebnisse tragen zum Verständnis des Erlebens und Verhaltens potentiell traumatisierender Situationen bei.


Stress responses and modified driving behavior after a virtual traffic accident

Background: Traffic accidents may cause enormous stress and can possibly affect the physical and psychological well-being of the people involved. Traffic accidents are a risk factor for acute and posttraumatic stress disorder. Objective: Two studies examined stress experience, driving behavior discussed in this paper and the moderating influence of perceived responsibility during and after a virtual traffic accident. Methods: The participants passed a truck on a highway bridge six times. During the second drive the truck coursed a crash with the participants’ car. Wind warnings indicated an increased risk of accident to one group of participants (Study 1). Perceived responsibility was varied by having participants experience the accident either as driver or as front-seat passenger (Study 2). Results: The accident triggered significant stress responses. Wind warnings had no influence on driving behavior (Study 1). Participants who were drivers during the accident subsequently passed the truck slower (Study 2). Conclusions: The results contribute to the understanding of psychological and behavioral aspects of potentially traumatizing events.

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