Die COVID-19-Pandemie als Herausforderung für die psychische Gesundheit
Erkenntnisse und Implikationen für die Forschung und Praxis aus Sicht der Klinischen Psychologie und Psychotherapie
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Die COVID-19-Pandemie als multidimensionaler und potenziell toxischer Stressfaktor führt auch in Deutschland zu psychischen Problemen in der Allgemeinbevölkerung und wird voraussichtlich einen Anstieg der Inzidenz- und Prävalenzraten psychischer Störungen bedingen. In diesem Positionspapier erfolgt daher eine wissenschaftlich differenzierte Betrachtung der psychologischen Auswirkungen der COVID-19-Pandemie auf verschiedene Altersstufen sowie psychische Vulnerabilitäten und Störungsbilder, wobei auch Chancen für die psychische Gesundheit und psychotherapeutische Versorgung diskutiert werden. Basierend auf den Befunden werden abschließend u. a. folgende gesundheitspolitische Ziele und Maßnahmen abgeleitet: Implementierung von universellen und indizierten modularen Präventionsangeboten sowie Anpassung der evidenzbasierten Richtlinienpsychotherapien hinsichtlich Bedarf, Inhalt und Modalität. Die Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie stellt aufgrund ihrer ausgewiesenen Expertise im Bereich der psychischen Gesundheit zentrales Wissen für die erfolgreiche Bewältigung der COVID-19-Pandemie zur Verfügung und kann in interdisziplinären und interprofessionellen Kooperationen dazu beitragen, die Herausforderungen für die psychische Gesundheit anzugehen.
Abstract. The COVID-19 pandemic as a multidimensional and potentially toxic stress factor is also causing mental problems in the general population in Germany and is expected to lead to an increase in the incidence and prevalence rates of mental disorders. In this position paper, a scientifically differentiated consideration of the psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on different age groups as well as psychological vulnerabilities and disorders is therefore made, whereby opportunities for mental health and psychotherapeutic care are also discussed. Based on the findings, the following health policy goals and measures are derived: Implementation of universal and indicated modular prevention services as well as adaptations of evidence-based psychotherapies in terms of need, content and modality. Due to its proven expertise in the field of mental health, clinical psychology and psychotherapy provides central knowledge for the successful coping of the COVID-19 pandemic and can contribute to tackling the challenges for mental health through interdisciplinary and interprofessional collaboration.
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