Fear reduction by means of repeated stimulus exposure in animal phobiaAbstract.Background: Habituation of phobic fear is often considered to be central for the effect of exposure therapy. However, fear reduction might imply more complex interactions ...
Abstract Two experiments were conducted to assess simultaneously the effects of attentional and emotional processes on startle eyeblink modulation. In each experiment, participants were presented with a pleasant and an unpleasant picture. Half the ...
Abstract The acoustic startle reflex (ASR) is modulated by a number of experimental factors, the most important of which in the field of psychopathology is weak prestimulation: The ASR is reliably reduced if preceded briefly by a weaker stimulus (i. e., ...
Startle reactions and their relationship to dissociative symptoms were assessed in acute stress disorder (ASD) patients. Electromyographic (EMG) responses, heart-rate reactions (HRR), and skin conductance responses (SCR) to startle stimuli were compared ...
A small change in the environment (a prepulse) that just precedes a startle-eliciting stimulus can reduce the size of the elicited reflex, but a prepulse does not appear to diminish the ability of the startle-eliciting stimulus to depress a startle ...
Research suggests that lower respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is associated with greater aversive responding. One physiological indicator of aversive responding is startle potentiation. While a few studies have demonstrated an inverse association ...
Abstract. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMP) are highly prevalent (Breslau, 2002) and comorbid disorders (Otis, Keane, & Kerns, 2003). The shared vulnerability model explains this overlap in part through a common ...
Abstract. The startle response is a reflex that represents a form of adaptation to environmental changes potentially relevant to survival. Startle magnitude can change depending on a number of factors such as the affective state of the organism during ...
Abstract. Recent aircraft accidents have implicated startle as contributory, or directly causal, in situation outcome. The startle reflex is a ubiquitous response to surprising stimuli, which results in aversive movement and attentional ...