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Themenschwerpunkt/Theme Articles

Entwicklungspsychopathologie der ersten Lebensjahre

Published Online:September 02, 2008https://doi.org/10.1024/1661-4747.56.4.243

Abstract

Externalisierende Verhaltensstörungen entwickeln sich zumeist bereits in der frühen Kindheit. Befunde aus der Säuglingsforschung und Neurobiologie weisen darauf hin, welche Risiken in der Genese früh auftretender Verhaltensprobleme beteiligt sind und über welche Mechanismen sie wirken. Aufgrund der enormen Plastizität des kindlichen Gehirns repräsentiert die pränatale und frühkindliche Entwicklungsperiode eine Phase erhöhter Vulnerabilität gegenüber stressinduzierenden widrigen Erfahrungen, die durch Merkmale der Beziehungsgestaltung zwischen dem Kind und seinen primären Bezugspersonen kompensiert oder verstärkt werden können. Für die klinische Praxis ergibt sich, dass Präventions- und Interventionsmaßnahmen mit dem Einsetzen der Schwangerschaft erfolgen und sich stärker an der aktuellen psychosozialen Lebenssituation und dem psychischen Befinden der Mutter orientieren sollten.


Developmental Psychopathology of Infancy

Externalizing disorders often develop in infancy. Findings from infant research and neurobiological studies provide important evidence on early risks for the development of behavior problems in infants and the mechanisms involved. During the pre-, peri- and early postnatal development, the high plasticity of the brain increases the vulnerability towards the exposure to noxious stimuli and adverse experiences. The impact of early stress experiences is moderated by the quality of parent-child relationship. It is concluded that clinical assessment, prevention and intervention efforts should start during pregnancy and have a major focus on the living conditions and mental health status of the mother.

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