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Published Online:https://doi.org/10.1024//0170-1789.23.3.305

Zusammenfassung: Obwohl Frauen durchschnittlich von mehr Befindensstörungen, Stress und körperlichen Beschwerden berichten als Männer, weist ihre höhere Lebenserwartung objektiv auf eine bessere Gesundheit hin. Zur Erklärung dieses paradoxen Befundes wird die interindividuell variierende Neigung zur Besorgnis herangezogen. In der Besorgnis-Skala des Trierer Inventar zur Erfassung von chronischem Stress (TICS) zeigt sich eine altersunabhängig stärker ausgeprägte Besorgnisneigung bei Frauen (N = 1255), die Geschlechtsunterschiede in anderen Skalen zum chronischen Stress aufklärt. In einer weiteren Stichprobe (N = 360) erklärt die Variable Besorgnisneigung Geschlechtsunterschiede bei stressbezogenen Variablen, die in der Literatur berichtet werden. Nach den hier vorgestellten Ergebnissen lassen sich die durchschnittlich höheren Werte von Frauen im Stresserleben, bei den fatalistisch-externalen Kontrollüberzeugungen, bei der Stressanfälligkeit, der Depressivität und bei körperlichen Beschwerden, sowie ihre geringeren Werte im Selbstwertgefühl und im Selbstkonzept eigener Fähigkeiten auf den Geschlechtsunterschied in der Besorgnisneigung zurückführen. Messungen der Cortisol-Aufwachreaktion und des Cortisol-Tagesprofils sind von der Neigung zur Besorgnis unabhängig. Die Befunde werden zur Erklärung der geschlechtsabhängigen Diskrepanz zwischen Morbidität und Mortalität herangezogen.


Gender Differences in Stress-Related Variables: The Influence of Worry-Disposition

Summary: Although on average women report more distress, stress and bodily complaints than men, their higher life-expectancy objectively points to better health. The interindividually varying worry-disposition is used to explain this paradoxical finding. Independent of age, women show a greater worry-disposition in the Worry Scale of the Trier Inventory for the Assessment of Chronic Stress (TICS), and this difference explains gender differences in the other chronic stress scales (N = 1255). In another sample (N = 360), worry-disposition explains gender differences in stress-related variables commonly reported in the literature. According to our findings, womens higher average scores in perceived stress, chance control orientation, stress-susceptibility, depression and bodily complaints, as well as their lower scores in self-esteem and self-concept of ability may be attributed to the gender difference in worry-disposition. Measures of the cortisol awakening response and the daytime cortisol profile are independent of worry-disposition. The findings are taken to explain the gender-dependent discrepancy between morbidity and mortality.

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