Skip to main content
Search
Search
    Quick Search anywhere
    Quick search in Citations
Advanced Search
Skip main navigationClose Drawer MenuOpen Drawer Menu
Previous article
Next article
Themenschwerpunkt/Theme Articles

Achtsamkeit und Akzeptanz in der Psychotherapie

Gegenwärtiger Forschungsstand und Forschungsentwicklung

Published Online:October 03, 2006https://doi.org/10.1024/1661-4747.54.4.241

Abstract

Es wird ein Überblick zum Forschungsstand und zu Forschungsentwicklungen im Bereich achtsamkeits- und akzeptanzbasierter Ansätze gegeben. Dabei werden drei Forschungsstränge beschrieben: (1) Wirksamkeitsuntersuchungen zur “Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction” (MBSR), zur “Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy” (MBCT), zur “Dialektisch-Behavioralen Therapie bei Borderlinestörungen” (DBT) und zur “Acceptance and Commitment Therapy” (ACT); (2) Psychometrische Verfahren zur empirischen Erfassung von Achtsamkeit; (3) Untersuchungen aus dem Bereich der psychologischen Grundlagenforschung und neurobiologische Arbeiten. Der Artikel schließt mit einer Diskussion der Besonderheiten einer wissenschaftlichen Analyse von Achtsamkeit und Akzeptanz und einem Forschungsausblick.


Mindfulness and Acceptance in Psychotherapy: Current State and Development of Research

The article reviews the state and development of research on mindfulness and acceptance. Three research-strands are described: (1) research into the effects of “mindfulness-based stress reduction” (MBSR), “mindfulness-based cognitive therapy” (MBCT), “dialectical behavior therapy for borderline personality disorder” (DBT) and “acceptance and commitment therapy” (ACT); (2) instruments for the empirical assessment of mindfulness; (3) basic research into mindfulness, including neurobiological studies. The article ends with a discussion of the specific features of the scientific analysis of mindfulness and acceptance and with research perspectives.

References

  • Aftanas, L.I. , Golocheikyn, S.A. (2001). Human anterior and frontal midline theta and lower alpha reflect emotionally positive state and internalised attention: High-resolution EEG investigation of meditation. Neuroscience Letters , 310 , 57– 60 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Aftanas, L.I. , Golosheykin, S.A. (2005). Impact of regular meditation practice on EEG activity at rest and during evoked negative emotions. International Journal of Neurosciences , 115 , 893– 909 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Astin, J.A. (1997). Stress reduction through mindfulness meditation. Effects on psychological symptomatology, sense of control, and spiritual experiences. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics , 66 , 97– 106 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Bach, P. , Hayes, S.C. (2002). The use of acceptance and commitment therapy to prevent the rehospitalization of psychotic patients: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 70 , 1129– 1139 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Baer, R.A. (2003). Mindfulness training as a clinical intervention: A conceptual and empirical review. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice , 10 , 125– 143 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Baer, R.A. , Smith, G.T. , Allen, K.B. (2004). Assessment of mindfulness by self-report. The Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness skills. Assessment , 11 , 191– 206 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Baer, R.A. , Smith, G.T. , Hopkins, J. , Krietemeyer, J. , Toney, L. (2006). Using self-report assessment methods to explore facets of mindfulness. Assessment , 13 , 27– 45 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Bishop, S.R. (2002). What do we really know about mindfulness-based stress reduction?. Psychosomatic Medicine , 64 , 71– 84 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Bishop, S.R. , Segal, Z.V. , Lau, M. , Anderson, N.C. , Carlson, L. , Shapiro, S.L. (2003). The Toronto Mindfulness Scale: Development and validation . Poster presented at Annual Meeting of the Society for Psychotherapy Research, Weimar First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Bohus, M. , Haaf, B. , Simms, T. , Limberger, M.F. , Schmahl, C. , Unckel, C. , Linehan, M.M. (2004). Effectiveness of inpatient dialectical behavioral therapy for borderline personality disorder: A controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy , 42 , 487– 499 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Bohus, M. , Haaf, B. , Stiglmayr, C.E. , Pohl, U. , Böhme, R. , Linehan, M.M. (2000). Evaluation of inpatient dialectical-behavioral therapy for borderline personality disorder - a prospective study. Behaviour Research and Therapy , 38 , 875– 887 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Bond, F.W. , Bunce, D. (2003). The role of acceptance and job control in mental health, job satisfaction, and work performance. Journal of Applied Psychology , 88 , 1057– 1067 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Bootzin, R.R. , Stevens, S.J. (2005). Adolescents, substance abuse, and the treatment of insomnia and daytime sleepiness. Clinical Psychological Review , 25 , 629– 644 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Branstetter, A.D. , Wilson, K.G. , Hildebrandt, M. , Mutch, D. (2004). Improving psychological adjustment among cancer patients: ACT and CBT . Paper presented at the Association for Advancement of Behavior Therapy, New Orleans First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Brown, K.W. , Ryan, R.M. (2003). The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 84 , 822– 848 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Carlson, L.E. , Garland, S.N. (2005). Impact of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on sleep, mood, stress, and fatigue symptoms in cancer outpatients. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine , 12 , 278– 285 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Cioffi, D. , Holloway, J. (1993). Delayed costs of suppressed pain. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 64 , 274– 282 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Dahl, J. , Wilson, K.G. , Nilsson, A. (2004). Acceptance and commitment therapy and the treatment of persons at risk for long-term disability resulting from stress and pain symptoms: A preliminary randomized trial. Behavior Therapy , 35 , 785– 802 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Damasio, A.R. (1997). Descartes' Irrtum: Fühlen, Denken und das menschliche Gehirn . München: List First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Davidson, R.J. , Kabat-Zinn, J. , Schumacher, J. , Rosenkranz, M. , Muller, D. , Santorelli, S.F. , Urbanowski, F. , Harrington, A. , Bonus, K. , Sheridan, J.F. (2003). Alterations in brain and immune function produced by mindfulness meditation. Psychosomatic Medicine , 65 , 564– 570 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Feldner, M.T. , Zvolensky, M.J. , Eifert, G.H. , Spira, A.P. (2003). Emotional avoidance: An experimental test of individual differences and response suppression using biological challenge. Behaviour Research and Therapy , 41 , 403– 411 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Goleman, D. Ed. (2003). Destructive emotions: A scientific dialogue with the Dalai Lama . New York: Bantam Books First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Grossman, P. , Niemann, L. , Schmidt, S. , Walach, H. (2004). Mindfulness-based stress reduction and health benefits: A meta-analysis. Journal of Psychosomatic Research , 57 , 35– 43 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Harvey, A.G. (2002). A cognitive model of insomnia. Behaviour Research and Therapy , 40 , 869– 893 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Hayes, S.C. (2004). Acceptance and commitment therapy, relational frame theory, and the third wave of behavior therapy. Behavior Therapy , 35 , 639– 665 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Hayes, S.C. , Bissett, R.T. , Korn, Z. , Zettle, R.D. , Rosenfarb, I.S. , Cooper, L.D. , Grundt, A.M. (1999). The impact of acceptance versus control rationales on pain tolerance. The Psychological Record , 49 , 33– 47 First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Hayes, S.C. , Follette, V.M. , Linehan, M.M. (2004). Mindfulness and acceptance. Expanding the cognitive-behavioral tradition . New York: Guilford First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Hayes, S.C. , Luoma, J.B. , Bond, F.W. , Masuda, A. , Lillis, J. (2006). Acceptance and commitment therapy: Model, processes and outcome. Behaviour Research and Therapy , 44 , 1– 25 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Hayes, S.C. , Strosahl, K.D. , Wilson, K.G. (1999). Acceptance and commitment therapy: An experiential approach to behavior change . New York: Guilford First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Hayes, S.C. , Strosahl, K.D. , Wilson, K.G. , Bissett, R.T. , Pistorello, J. , Toarmino, D. , Polusny, M. , Dykstra, T.A. , Batten, S.V. , Bergan, J. , Stewart, S.H. , Zvolensky, M.J. , Eifert, G.H. , Bond, F.W. , Forsyth, J.P. , Karekla, M. , McCurry, S.M. (2004). Measuring experimental avoidance: A preliminary test of a working model. The Psychological Record , 54 , 553– 578 First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Heidenreich, T. , Michalak, J. (2003). Achtsamkeit (“Mindfulness”) als Therapieprinzip in Verhaltenstherapie und Verhaltensmedizin. Verhaltenstherapie , 13 , 264– 274 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Heidenreich, T. , Ströhle, G. , Michalak, J. (2006). Achtsamkeit: Konzeptuelle Aspekte und Ergebnisse zum Freiburger Achtsamkeitsfragebogen. Verhaltenstherapie , 16 , 33– 40 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Heidenreich, T. , Tuin, I. , Pflug, B. , Michal, M. , Michalak, J. (2006). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for persistent insomnia: A pilot study. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics , 75 , 188– 189 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Hölzel, B. , Ott, U. (2006). Hirnaktivierung während Atem-Achtsamkeit: Eine fMRT-Studie . Vortrag angemeldet auf dem 45. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychologie, Nürnberg First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Kabat-Zinn, J. (2003). Mindfulness-based interventions in context: Past, present, and future. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice , 10 , 144– 156 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Kabat-Zinn, J. (2004). Achtsamkeitsbasierte Interventionen im Kontext: Vergangenheit, Gegenwart und Zukunft. In T. Heidenreich & J. Michalak (Eds.), Achtsamkeit und Akzeptanz in der Psychotherapie. Ein Handbuch (S. 103-138). Tübingen: dgvt-Verlag First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Kabat-Zinn, J. , Lipworth, L. , Burney, R. (1985). The clinical use of mindfulness meditation for the self-regulation of chronic pain. Journal of Behavioral Medicine , 8 , 163– 189 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Kabat-Zinn, J. , Lipworth, L. , Burney, R. , Sellers, W. (1987). Four year follow-up of a meditation-based program for the self-regulation of chronic pain: Treatment outcomes and compliance. The Clinical Journal of Pain , 2 , 159– 173 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Kabat-Zinn, J. , Massion, A.O. , Kristeller, J. , Peterson, L.G. , Fletcher, K.E. , Pbert, L. , Lenderking, W.R. , Santorelli, S.F. (1992). Effectiveness of a meditation-based stress reduction program in the treatment of anxiety disorders. The American Journal of Psychiatry , 149 , 936– 943 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Kabat-Zinn, J. , Wheeler, E. , Light, T. , Skillings, A. , Scharf, M.J. , Cropley, T.G. , Hosmer, D. , Bernhard, J.D. (1998). Influence of a mindfulness meditation-based stress reduction intervention on rates of skin clearing in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis undergoing phototherapy (UVB) and photochemotherapy (PUVA). Psychosomatic Medicine , 60 , 625– 632 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Kaplan, K.H. , Goldenberg, D.L. , Galvin-Nadeau, M. (1993). The impact of a meditation-based stress reduction program on fibromyalgia. General Hospital Psychiatry , 15 , 284– 289 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Kenny, M. , Williams, M. (2006). Treatment-resistant depressed patients show a good response to mindfulness-based cognitive therapy. Behaviour Research and Therapy , in press, corrected proof First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Koons, C.R. , Robins, C.J. , Tweed, J.L. , Lynch, T.R. , Gonzalez, A.M. , Morse, J.Q. , Bishop, G.K. , Butterfield, M.I. , Bastian, L.A. (2001). Efficacy of dialectical behavior therapy in women veterans with borderline personality disorder. Behavior Therapy , 32 , 371– 390 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Kristeller, J.L. , Hallett, C.B. (1999). An exploratory study of a meditation-based intervention for binge eating disorder. Journal of Health Psychology , 4 , 357– 363 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Kröger, C. , Schweiger, U. , Sipos, V. , Arnold, R. , Kahl, K.G. , Schunert, T. , Rudolf, S. , Reinecker, H. (2006). Effectiveness of dialectical behaviour therapy for borderline personality disorder in an inpatient setting. Behaviour Research and Therapy , 44 , 1211– 1217 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Kuhl, J. , Beckmann, J. (1994). Alienation: Ignoring one's preferences. In J. Kuhl & J. Beckmann (Eds.), Volition and Personality: Action versus state orientation (pp. 375-390). Göttingen: Hogrefe First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Kuhr, A. (2004). Bericht über die 37. Jahrestagung der AABT (Association for Advancement of Behavior Therapy) vom 20.11. bis 23.11.2003 in Boston. Verhaltenstherapie und Psychosoziale Praxis , 36 , 22– 23 First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Lehmann, D. , Faber, P.L. , Achermann, P. , Jeanmonod, D. , Gianotti, L.R.R. , Pizzagalli, D. (2001). Brain sources of EEG gamma frequency during volitionally meditation-induced, altered states of consciousness, and experience of the self. Psychiatry Research , 108 , 111– 121 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Levitt, J.T. , Brown, T.A. , Orsillo, S.M. , Barlow, D.H. (2004). The effects of acceptance versus suppression of emotion on subjective and psychophysiological response to carbon dioxide challenge in patients with panic disorder. Behavior Therapy , 35 , 747– 766 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Lieb, K. , Linehan, M. , Schmahl., C. , Zanarini, M. , Bohus, M. (2004). Borderline personality disorder. Lancet , 364 , 453– 461 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Linehan, M. (1996). Dialektisch-behaviorale Therapie der Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung . München: CIP-Medien First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Linehan, M.M. , Armstrong, H.E. , Suarez, A. , Allmon, D. , Heard, H. (1991). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of chronically parasuicidal borderline patients. Archives of General Psychiatry , 48 , 1060– 1064 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Linehan, M.M. , Heard, H.L. , Armstrong, H.E. (1993). Naturalistic follow-up of a behavioral treatment for chronically parasuicidal borderline patients. Archives of General Psychiatry , 50 , 971– 974 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Linehan, M. , Comtois, K. , Murray, A. , Brown, M. , Gallop, R. , Heard, H. , Korslund, K. , Tutek, D. , Reynolds, S. , Lindenboim, N. (2006). Two years randomized trial and follow-up of dialectical behavior therapy vs. therapy by experts for suicidal behaviors and borderline personality disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry , 63 , 757– 766 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Ma, S.H. , Teasdale, J.D. (2004). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for depression: Replication and exploration of differential relapse prevention effects. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 72 , 31– 40 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Masuda, A. , Hayes, S.C. , Sackett, C.F. , Twohig, M.P. (2004). Cognitive defusion and self-relevant negative thoughts: Examining the impact of a ninety year old technique. Behaviour Research and Therapy , 42 , 477– 485 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • McCracken, L.M. (1998). Learning to live with pain: Acceptance of pain predicts adjustment in persons with chronic pain. Pain , 74 , 21– 27 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Michalak, J. , Heidenreich, T. (2004a). Achtsamkeitsbasierte kognitive Therapie zur Rückfallprophylaxe bei Depressionen. In T. Heidenreich & J. Michalak (Hrsg.), Achtsamkeit und Akzeptanz in der Psychotherapie. Ein Handbuch (S. 727-770). Tübingen: dgvt-Verlag First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Michalak, J. , Heidenreich, T. (2004b). Achtsamkeit und Akzeptanz in der Psychotherapie: Resümee. In T. Heidenreich & J. Michalak (Hrsg.), Achtsamkeit und Akzeptanz in der Psychotherapie. Ein Handbuch (S. 771-782). Tübingen: dgvt-Verlag First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Michalak, J. , Heidenreich, T. (2005). Neue Wege der Rückfallprophylaxe bei Depressionen: Die achtsamkeitsbasierte kognitive Therapie. Psychotherapeut , 50 , 415– 422 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Miller, J.J. , Fletcher, K. , Kabat-Zinn, J. (1995). Three-year followup and clinical implications of a mindfulness meditation-based stress reduction intervention in the treatment of anxiety disorders. General Hospital Psychiatry , 17 , 192– 200 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Noice, H. , Noice, T. (2001). Learning dialogue with and without movement. Memory & Cognition , 29 , 820– 827 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Ruhmland, M. , Margraf, J. (2001). Effektivität psychologischer Therapien von spezifischen Phobien und Zwangsstörungen: Meta-Analysen auf Störungsebene. Verhaltenstherapie , 11 , 14– 26 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Segal, Z.V. , Williams, J.M.G. , Teasdale, J.D. (2002). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for depression: A new approach to preventing relapse . New York: Guilford First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Shapiro, S.L. , Schwartz, G.E. , Bonner, G. (1998). Effects on mindfulness-based stress reduction on medical and premedical students. Journal of Behavioral Medicine , 21 , 581– 599 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Sonntag, R. (2004). Engagiertes Handeln lernen: Die Akzeptanz- und Commitment-Therapie. In T. Heidenreich & J. Michalak (Hrsg.), Achtsamkeit und Akzeptanz in der Psychotherapie. Ein Handbuch (S. 295-353). Tübingen: dgvt-Verlag First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Speca, M. , Carlson, L.E. , Goodey, E. , Angen, M. (2000). A randomized, wait-list controlled clinical trial: The effect of a mindfulness meditation-based stress reduction program on mood and symptoms of stress in cancer outpatients. Psychosomatic Medicine , 62 , 613– 622 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Teasdale, J.D. , Moore, R.G. , Hayhurst, H. , Pope, M. , Williams, S. , Segal, Z.V. (2002). Metacognitive awareness and prevention of relapse in depression: Empirical evidence. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 70 , 275– 287 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Teasdale, J.D. , Segal, Z.V. , Williams, J.M. , Ridgeway, V.A. , Soulsby, J.M. , Lau, M.A. (2000). Prevention of relapse/recurrence in major depression by mindfulness-based cognitive therapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 68 , 615– 623 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Vaitl, D. , Gruzelier, J. , Jamieson, G.A. , Lehmann, D. , Ott, U. , Sammer, G. , Strehl, U. , Birbaumer, N. , Kotchoubey, B. , Kuebler, A. , Miltner, W.H.R. , Puetz, P. , Strauch, I. , Wackermann, J. , Weiss, T. (2005). Psychobiology of altered states of consciousness. Psychological Bulletin , 131 , 98– 127 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Verheul, R. , van den Bosch, L.M.C. , Koeter, M.W.J. , de Ridder, M.A.J. , Stijnen, T. , van den Brink, W. (2003). Dialectical behaviour therapy for women with borderline personality disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry , 182 , 135– 140 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Walach, H. , Buchheld, N. , Buttenmüller, V. , Kleinknecht, N. , Grossman, P. , Schmidt, S. (2004). Empirische Erfassung der Achtsamkeit - Die Konstruktion des Freiburger Fragebogens zur Achtsamkeit (FFA) und weitere Validierungsstudien. In T. Heidenreich & J. Michalak (Hrsg.), Achtsamkeit und Akzeptanz in der Psychotherapie. Ein Handbuch (S. 727-770). Tübingen: dgvt-Verlag First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Weiss, M. , Nordlie, J.W. , Siegel, E.P. (2005). Mindfulness-based stress reduction as an adjunct to outpatient psychotherapy. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics , 74 , 108– 112 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Williams, J.M.G. (1996). Autobiographical memory in depression. In D. Rubin (Ed.), Remembering our past: Studies in autobiographical memory (pp. 244-267). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Williams, J.M.G. , Teasdale, J.D. , Segal, Z.V. , Soulsby, J. (2000). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy reduces overgeneral autobiographical memory in formerly depressed patients. Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 109 , 150– 155 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Zeidler, W. (2006). Startle-Studie mit Achtsamkeitsmeditierenden . Vortrag angemeldet auf dem 45. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychologie, Nürnberg First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Zettle, R.D. , Hayes, S.C. (1987). Component and process analysis of cognitive therapy. Psychological Reports , 61 , 939– 953 First citation in articleGoogle Scholar