Skip to main content
Search
Search
    Quick Search anywhere
    Quick search in Citations
Advanced Search
Skip main navigationClose Drawer MenuOpen Drawer Menu
Previous article
Next article
Originalarbeit

Kurzversion des Big Five Inventory für Kinder und Jugendliche (BFI-K KJ)

Adaptation und Validierung eines deutschsprachigen Selbstbeurteilungsinventars zur Erfassung grundlegender Persönlichkeitsfaktoren im Kindes- und Jugendalter

Published Online:January 31, 2019https://doi.org/10.1026/0012-1924/a000216

Abstract

Zusammenfassung. Die Kurzversion des Big Five Inventory für Kinder und Jugendliche (BFI-K KJ) stellt einen deutschsprachigen Selbstbeurteilungsfragebogen zur Erfassung von Extraversion, Verträglichkeit, Gewissenhaftigkeit, Neurotizismus und Offenheit für Erfahrungen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen dar. Der Fragebogen wurde basierend auf einer Stichprobe von N = 267 Kindern und Jugendlichen im Alter von 9 bis 16 Jahren (M = 11.77, SD = 2.08; 52 % Mädchen) entwickelt und umfasst 26 Items. Die internen Konsistenzanalysen, Retest-Reliabilitäten und Interkorrelationen der Skalen sprechen für die Zuverlässigkeit des Verfahrens. Auch erweist sich das Verfahren als valide: So konnten (a) die 5-Faktoren-Struktur in einer Exploratorischen Faktorenanalyse (EFA) sowie in einem Explorativen Strukturgleichungsmodell (ESEM) bestätigt, (b) die konvergente und diskriminante Validität gestützt, (c) die aus der Literatur bekannten Zusammenhänge der Big Five mit Außenkriterien wie Alter und Geschlecht und (d) die Kriteriumsvalidität an einer klinischen Stichprobe aufgezeigt werden. Mit dem BFI-K KJ liegt demnach ein ökonomisches sowie reliables und valides Verfahren zur Erfassung der Big Five-Persönlichkeitsfaktoren für Kinder und Jugendliche vor.


Short Version of the Big Five Inventory for Children and Adolescents (BFI-K KJ) – Adaptation and Validation of a German Self-Rating Inventory to Assess Basic Factors of Personality in Childhood and Adolescence

Abstract. The short version of the Big Five Inventory for Children and Adolescents (BFI-K KJ) is a German-language self-assessment questionnaire for evaluating extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness to experience in children and adolescents. The questionnaire was developed based on a sample of 267 children and adolescents aged 9 – 16 years (M = 11.77, SD = 2.08; 52 % girls) and includes 26 items. The internal consistency analyses, retest reliabilities, and intercorrelations are indicative of the reliability of the procedure. It also proves to be valid: (a) The 5-factor structure was confirmed in an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) as well as in an exploratory structural equation model (ESEM), (b) the convergent and discriminant validity were supported, (c) the relationships of the Big Five with relevant external criteria such as age and gender as well as (d) the criterion validity with respect to a clinical sample were demonstrated. Hence, the BFI-K KJ provides an economic, reliable, and valid method for assessing the Big Five personality factors in children and adolescents.

Literatur

  • Akker, A. L. van den, Deković, M. & Prinzie, P. (2010). Transitioning to adolescence: How changes in child personality and overreactive parenting predict adolescent adjustment problems. Development and Psychopathology, 22, 151 – 163. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579409990320 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Allport, G. W. & Odbert, H. S. (1936). Trait-names: A psycho-lexical study. Psychological Monographs, 47 i – 171 https://doi.org/10.1037/h0093360 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Ashton, M. C. & Lee, K. (2007). Empirical, theoretical, and practical advantages of the HEXACO model of personality structure. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 11, 150 – 166. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868306294907 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Asendorpf, J. B. (1998). FFFK – Fünf-Faktoren-Fragebogen für Kinder. PSYNDEX Tests Info. Berlin: Humboldt-Universität, Institut für Psychologie. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Asparouhov, T. & Muthén, B. O. (2009). Exploratory structural equation modeling. Structural Equation Modeling, 16, 397 – 438. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705510903008204 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Barbaranelli, C., Caprara, G. V., Rabasca, A. & Pastorelli, C. (2003). A questionnaire for measuring the Big Five in late childhood. Personality and Individual Differences, 34, 645 – 664. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(02)00051-X First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Bleidorn, W. & Ostendorf, F. (2009). Ein Big Five-Inventar für Kinder und Jugendliche. Eine deutsche Version des Hierarchical Personality Inventory for Children (HiPIC). Diagnostica, 55, 160 – 173. https://doi.org/10.1026/0012-1924.55.3.160 First citation in articleLink, Google Scholar

  • Block, J. (1995). A contrarian view of the Five-Factor approach to personality description. Psychological Bulletin, 117, 187 – 215. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.117.2.187 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Borkenau, P. & Ostendorf, F. (2008). NEO-FFI – NEO-Fünf-Faktoren-Inventar nach Costa und McCrae (2. Aufl.). Göttingen: Hogrefe. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Buggle, F. & Baumgärtel, F. (1975). HANES, KJ – Hamburger Neurotizismus- und Extraversionsskala für Kinder und Jugendliche (2. Aufl.). Göttingen: Hogrefe. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Cattell, R. B. (1946). Description and measurement of personality. Oxford: World Book Company. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Cattell, R. B. (1947). Confirmation and clarification of primary personality factors. Psychometrika, 12, 197 – 220. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02289253 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Cloninger, C. R., Svrakic, D. M. & Przybeck, T. R. (1993). A psychobiological model of temperament and character. Archives of General Psychiatry, 50, 975 – 990. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Cohen, J. W. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • De Bolle, M., De Fruyt, F., McCrae, R., Löckenhoff, C., Costa, P., Aguilar-Vafaie, M. et al. (2015). The emergence of sex differences in personality traits in early adolescence: A cross-sectional, cross-cultural study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 108, 171 – 185. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038497 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • De Fruyt, F., Bartels, M., Van Leeuwen, K. G., De Clerq, B., Decuyper, M. & Mervielde, I. (2006). Five types of personality continuity in childhood and adolescence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 9, 538 – 552. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.91.3.538 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • De Pauw, S. S. W. & Mervielde, I. (2010). Temperament, personality and developmental psychopathology: A review based on the conceptual dimensions underlying childhood traits. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 41, 313 – 329. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-009-0171-8 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • De Raad, B. (2000). The Big Five personality factors: The psycholexical approach to personality. Göttingen: Hogrefe & Huber. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Ehrler, D. J., Evans, J. G. & McGhee, R. L. (1999). Extending Big-Five theory into childhood: A preliminary investigation into the relationship between Big-Five personality traits and behavior problems in children. Psychology in the Schools, 36, 451 – 458. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1520-6807(199911)36:6%3C451::AID-PITS1%3E3.0.CO;2-E First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Ellison, P. T. (2002). Puberty. In N. Cameron (Ed.), Human growth and development (pp. 65 – 84). San Diego, CA: Academic Press. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Eysenck, H. J. & Eysenck, S. B. G. (1969). Personality structure and measurement. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Fiske, D. W. (1949). Consistency of the factorial structures of personality ratings from different sources. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 44, 329 – 344. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0057198 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Gosling, S. D., Rentfrow, P. J. & Swann, W. B., Jr. (2003). A very brief measure of the Big-Five personality domains. Journal of Research in Personality, 37, 504 – 528. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-6566(03)00046-1 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Goth, K. & Schmeck, K. (2009). JTCI – Das Junior Temperament und Charakter Inventar. Göttingen: Hogrefe. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Grist, C. L., Socha, A. & McCord, D. M. (2012). The M5-PS-35: A five-factor personality questionnaire for preschool children. Journal of Personality Assessment, 94, 287 – 295. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2011.653063 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Ihle, W. & Blöschl, L. (2011). Depression. In G. W. LautF. LinderkamS. SchneiderU. Brack (Hrsg.), Verhaltenstherapie mit Kindern und Jugendlichen (3. Aufl., S. 234 – 245). Weinheim: Beltz. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Iimura, S. & Taku, K. (2017). Gender differences in relationship between resilience and Big Five personality traits in Japanese adolescents. Psychological Reports, 121, 920 – 931. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294117741654 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Corp., IBM (2016). IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows (Version 24.0). Armonk, NY: IBM Corp. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • John, O. P. & Srivastava, S. (1999). The Big Five trait taxonomy: History, measurement, and theoretical perspectives. In L. A. PervinO. P. John (Eds.), Handbook of personality: Theory and research (2nd ed., pp. 102 – 138). New York, NY: Guilford Press. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Klasen, H., Woerner, W., Rothenberger, A. & Goodman, R. (2003). Die deutsche Fassung des Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ-Deu) – Übersicht und Bewertung erster Validierungs- und Normierungsbefunde. Praxis der Kinderpsychologie und Kinderpsychiatrie, 52, 491 – 502. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Kupper, K. & Rohrmann, S. (2016). STAXI-2 KJ – Das State-Trait-Ärgerausdrucks-Inventar-2 für Kinder und Jugendliche. Bern: Hogrefe. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Kupper, K. & Rohrmann, S. (2018). EMO-KJ – Ein Diagnostik- und Therapieverfahren zum Zugang von Emotionen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. Bern: Hogrefe. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Linden, D. van der, Tsaousis, I. & Petrides, K. V. (2012). Overlap between general factors of personality in the Big Five, Giant Three, and trait emotional intelligence. Personality and Individual Differences, 53, 175 – 179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2012.03.001 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Lynam, D. R., Caspi, A., Moffitt, T. E., Raine, A., Loeber, R. & Stouthamer-Loeber, M. (2005). Adolescent psychopathy and the Big Five: Results from two samples. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 33, 431 – 443. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-005-5724-0 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Malti, T. & Perren, S. (2015). Soziale Kompetenz bei Kindern und Jugendlichen – Entwicklungsprozesse und Förderungsmöglichkeiten (2. Aufl.). Stuttgart: Verlag W. Kohlhammer. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Marsh, H. W., Lüdtke, O., Muthén, B., Asparouhov, T., Morin, A. J., Trautwein, U. et al. (2010). A new look at the big five factor structure through exploratory structural equation modeling. Psychological Assessment, 22, 471 – 491. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019227 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Marsh, H. W., Muthén, B., Asparouhov, T., Lüdtke, O., Robitzsch, A., Morin, A. J. S. et al. (2009). Exploratory structural equation modeling, integrating CFA and EFA: Application to students’ evaluations of university teaching. Structural Equation Modeling, 16, 439 – 476. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705510903008220 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • McCrae, R. R. & Costa, P. T., Jr. (1999). A five-factor theory of personality. In L. A. PervinO. P. John (Eds.), Handbook of personality: Theory and research (2nd ed., pp. 139 – 153). New York, NY: Guilford Press. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Morizot, J. (2014). Construct validity of adolescents’ self-reported Big Five personality traits: Importance of conceptual breadth and initial validation of a short measure. Assessment, 21, 580 – 606. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191114524015 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Muris, P., Meesters, C. & Diederen, R. (2005). Psychometric properties of the Big Five Questionnaire for Children (BFQ-C) in a Dutch sample of young adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences, 38, 1757 – 1769. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2004.11.018 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Muthén, L. K. & Muthén, B. O. (2012). Mplus User′s Guide (7th ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Muthén & Muthén. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Neuenschwander, R., Cimeli, P., Röthlisberger, M. & Roebers, C. M. (2013). Personality factors in elementary school children: Contributions to academic performance over and above executive functions? Learning and Individual Differences, 25, 118 – 125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2012.12.006 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Norman, W. T. (1963). Toward an adequate taxonomy of personality attributes: Replicated factor structure in peer nomination personality ratings. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 66, 574 – 583. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0040291 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Ostendorf, F. (1990). Sprache und Persönlichkeitsstruktur: Zur Validität des Fünf-Faktoren-Modells der Persönlichkeit. Regensburg: Roderer. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Ostendorf, F. & Angleitner, A. (2004). NEO-PI-R – NEO-Persönlichkeitsinventar nach Costa und McCrae. Göttingen: Hogrefe. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Pallant, J. (2007). SPSS Survival Manual – A step by step guide to data analysis using SPSS for Windows (3rd ed.). New York, NY: McGraw Hill. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Parker, J. D. A., Majeski, S. A. & Collin, T. (2004). ADHD symptoms and personality: Relationships with the five-factor model. Personality and Individual Differences, 36, 977 – 987. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(03)00166-1 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Prinz, D. (2010). Bewältigung des Übergangs nach der Grundschule: Prävention von Angst und Angststörungen am Ende der Jahrgangsstufe 4. Hamburg: Verlag Dr. Kovaĉ. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Prinzie, P., Sluis, C. M. van der, Haan, A. D. de & Deković, M. (2010). The mediational role of parenting on the longitudinal relation between child personality and externalizing behavior. Journal of Personality, 78, 1301 – 1324. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2010.00651.x First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Rammstedt, B. (1997). Die deutsche Version des Big Five Inventory (BFI): Übersetzung und Validierung eines Fragebogens zur Erfassung des Fünf-Faktoren-Modells der Persönlichkeit. Unveröffentlichte Diplomarbeit, Universität Bielefeld. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Rammstedt, B. & John, O. P. (2005). Kurzversion des Big Five Inventory (BFI-K): Entwicklung und Validierung eines ökonomischen Inventars zur Erfassung der fünf Faktoren der Persönlichkeit. Diagnostica, 51, 195 – 206. https://doi.org/10.1026/0012-1924.51.4.195 First citation in articleLink, Google Scholar

  • Rammstedt, B. & John, O. P. (2007). Measuring personality in one minute or less: A 10-item short version of the Big Five Inventory in English and German. Journal of Research in Personality, 41, 203 – 212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2006.02.001 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Rice, K. G. & Mulkeen, P. (1995). Relationships with parents and peers: A longitudinal study of adolescent intimacy. Journal of Adolescent Research, 10, 338 – 357. https://doi.org/10.1177/0743554895103003 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Rossier, J., Quartier, V., Enescu, R. & Iselin, A. (2007). Validation of the French version of the Hierachical Personality Inventory for Children (H iPIC). Influence of gender and age on personality traits in 8- to 12-year-olds. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 23, 125 – 132. https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759.23.2.125 First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Rost, D. H. & Hartmann, A. (1993). Überprüfung der deutschen Version des Junior Eysenck Personality Questionnaire an 1000 Kindern: Faktorielle Struktur, psychometrische Kennwerte, Entwicklung einer Kurzform. Zeitschrift für Differentielle und Diagnostische Psychologie, 14, 165 – 176. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Salisch, M. von & Pfeiffer, I. (1998). Ärgerregulierung in den Freundschaften von Schulkindern – Entwicklung eines Fragebogens. Diagnostica, 44, 41 – 53. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Salisch, M. von & Vogelgesang, J. (2005). Anger regulation among friends: Assessment and development from childhood to adolescence. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 22, 837 – 855. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407505058702 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Sanz, J., García-Vera, M. P. & Magán, I. (2010). Anger and hostility from the perspective of the Big Five personality model. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 51, 262 – 270. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9450.2009.00771.x First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Saucier, G. & Goldberg, L. R. (1998). What is beyond the Big Five? Journal of Personality, 66, 495 – 524. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6494.00022 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H. & Müller, H. (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: Tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods of Psychological Research – Online, 8 (2), 23 – 74. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Schneider, S. & In-Albon, T. (2011). Phobien. In G. W. LautF. LinderkamS. SchneiderU. Brack (Hrsg.), Verhaltenstherapie mit Kindern und Jugendlichen (3. Aufl., S. 198 – 209). Weinheim: Beltz. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Schupp, J. & Gerlitz, J.-Y. (2008). Das BFI-S: Big Five Inventory-SOEP. In A. Glöckner-Rist (Hrsg.), Zusammenstellung sozialwissenschaftlicher Items und Skalen. ZIS Version 12.00. Bonn: GESIS. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Sorić, I., Penezić, Z. & Burić, I. (2017). The Big Five personality traits, goal orientations, and academic achievement. Learning and Individual Differences, 54, 126 – 134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2017.01.024 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Soto, C., John, O., Gosling, S. & Potter, J. (2011). Age differences in personality traits from 10 to 65: Big Five domains and facets in a large cross-sectional sample. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 100, 330 – 348. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021717 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Tupes, E. C. & Christal, R. C. (1961). Recurrent personality factors based on trait ratings. Technical Report, USAF, Lackland Air Force Base, TX. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Wieczerkowski, W., Nickel, H., Janowski, A., Fittkau, B., Rauer, W. & Petermann, F. (2016). AFS – Angstfragebogen für Schüler (7. Aufl.). Göttingen: Hogrefe. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar