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Originalia

Körperbildstörungen bei körperdysmorpher Störung und Essstörungen

Wo bestehen Unterschiede und wo bestehen Gemeinsamkeiten?

Published Online:September 06, 2013https://doi.org/10.1026/1616-3443/a000212

Abstract

Hintergrund: Sowohl die körperdysmorphe Störung (KDS) als auch Essstörungen (ESS) sind durch eine Störung des Körperbildes gekennzeichnet, jedoch ist wenig über Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede hinsichtlich spezifischer Körperbildmerkmale bekannt. Fragestellung: Nach der vergleichenden Befunddarstellung zu perzeptiven, kognitiv-affektiven und behavioralen Körperbildmerkmalen hat die Arbeit das Ziel, kognitiv-affektive Körperbildcharakteristika im direkten Vergleich von KDS mit ESS zu untersuchen. Methode: Personen mit einer KDS (n = 31), Anorexia nervosa (n = 32), Bulimia nervosa (n = 34) und eine gesunde (n = 33) Kontrollgruppe wurden untersucht (Fragebögen, Interviews). Ergebnisse: KDS und ESS zeigten starke Körperunzufriedenheit und körper- und gewichtsbezogene Schamgefühle. Nicht nur bei der KDS, sondern auch bei den ESS zeigte sich eine Vielzahl subjektiver Makel im äußeren Erscheinungsbild. Die KDS-Gruppe sorgte sich jedoch seltener als ESS um Körpergewicht, Brust und Gesäß. Die ESS-Gruppen berichteten erwartungsgemäß stärkere Figur-/Gewichtssorgen und körper-/gewichtsbezogene Schuldgefühle. Diskussion: Körperunzufriedenheit charakterisiert sowohl KDS als auch ESS. Von den kognitiv-affektiven Körperbildmerkmalen differenzieren nur die Ausprägung von Figur-/Gewichtssorgen und körper-/gewichtsbezogene Schuldgefühle die beiden Gruppen. Vergleichsstudien zu perzeptiven und behavioralen Körperbildaspekten stehen aus.


Body image disturbance in body dysmorphic disorder and eating disorders–similarities and differences

Background: Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and eating disorders (ED) are considered to be body image disorders; however, little is known about similarities and differences concerning specific body image characteristics. Objective: The aim of this study is to integrate findings on similarities and differences concerning body image characteristics in people with BDD and ED and to examine cognitive and affective features of disturbed body image in BDD and ED. Methods: Individuals with BDD (n = 31), anorexia nervosa (n = 32), bulimia nervosa (n = 34), and healthy controls (n = 33) were examined (questionnaire and interview measures). Results: There were high levels of body dissatisfaction and weight- and body-related shame in BDD and EDs. BDD and EDs worried about a considerable number of body parts. The BDD group worried less about weight, buttocks and breasts than the ED groups. The ED groups reported higher levels of shape and weight concerns and of weight- and body-related guilt. Discussion: BDD and EDs are characterized by high levels of body dissatisfaction. Disorder-specific cognitive-affective measures of body image, such as weight and shape concerns as well as weight- and body-related guilt, differ between the groups. Comparative studies are warranted that examine perceptional and behavioural features of body image.

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