The Spanish Version of the Self-Statements During Public Speaking Scale
Validation in Adolescents
Abstract
Contemporary theories of social anxiety emphasize the role of cognitive processes. Although social anxiety disorder is one of the most common mental health problems in adolescents, there are very few self-report instruments available to measure cognitive processes related to social anxiety in adolescents, let alone non-English instruments. The Self-Statements During Public Speaking Scale (SSPS; Hofmann & DiBartolo, 2000) is a brief self-report measure designed to assess self-statements related to public speaking, the most commonly feared social performance situation. In order to fill this gap in the literature, we translated the SSPS into Spanish and administered it to 1,694 adolescents from a community sample, a clinical sample composed of 71 subjects with a principal diagnosis of social anxiety disorder, and a clinical control group consisting of 154 patients. The scale showed good psychometric properties, supporting the use of the Spanish version of the SSPS in adolescents.
References
(2002). Information processing in social phobia. Biological Psychology, 51, 92–100.
(1995). A cognitive model of social phobia. In , Social phobia: Diagnosis, assessment and treatment (pp. 69–93). New York: Guilford.
(1951). Coefficient α and the internal consistency of tests. Psychometrika, 16, 297–334.
(1994). Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-IV (Lifetime version). San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
(1999). Frequency and comorbidity of social phobia and social fears in adolescents. Behavior Research and Therapy, 37, 831–843.
(2005). Size and burden of social phobia. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 15, 453–462.
(2008). Brief form of the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory (SPAI-B) for adolescents. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 24, 150–156.
(2005). A pilot study on sensitivity of outcome measures for treatments of generalized social phobia in adolescents. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 5, 385–392.
(2001). Psychometric properties of the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory, the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents, the Fear of Negative Evaluation scale and the Social Avoidance and Distress scale in an adolescent Spanish sample. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 23, 51–59.
(2003). Social anxiety disorder: Revision of assessment measures for Spanish-speaking population. Revista Latinoamericana de Psicología, 35, 151–160.
(1994). Cognitive assessment strategies and the measurement of outcome of treatment for social phobia. Behavior Research and Therapy, 32, 269–280.
(2001). Information processing in social phobia: A critical review. Clinical Psychology Review, 21, 751–770.
(1991). Concurrent validity of the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 4, 39–51.
(2004). Information-processing bias in social phobia. Clinical Psychology Review, 24, 799–825.
(2000). Self-focused attention before and after exposure treatment of social phobia. Behavior Research and Therapy, 38, 717–725.
(2007). Cognitive factors that maintain social anxiety disorder: A comprehensive model and its treatment implications. Cognitive Behavior Therapy, 36, 195–209.
(2000). An instrument to assess self-statements during public speaking: Scale development and preliminary psychometric properties. Behavior Therapy, 31, 499–515.
(2004). Changes in self-perception during treatment of social phobia. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 72, 588–596.
(1980). Cognitive self-statements in depression: Development of an automatic thoughts questionnaire. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 4, 383–395.
(1993). LISREL 8. User’s reference guide. Chicago, IL: Scientific Software.
(1998). Social anxiety among adolescents: Linkages with peer relations and friendships. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 26, 83–94.
(1994). Social anxiety. New York: Guilford.
(1995). Generalized social phobia. Reliability and validity. Archives of General Psychiatry, 52, 230–237.
(1998). Development and validation of measures of social phobia scrutiny fear and social interaction anxiety. Behavior Research and Therapy, 36, 455–470.
(2006). Treating anxiety disorders in a school setting. Education and Treatment of Children, 29, 219–242.
(2007). When ambiguity hurts: Social standard moderate self-appraisals in generalized social phobia. Behavior Research and Therapy, 45, 1039–1052.
(1997). Reliability of the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-IV for Spanish-speaking population. Unpublished manuscript, University of Murcia (Spain).
(2001). The Social Phobia Scale and the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale: Factor structure and reliability in a Spanish-speaking population. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 19, 69–80.
(2004). Relationships among social anxiety measures and its invariance: A confirmatory factor analysis. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 20, 172–179.
(2002). A pilot study on normative data for two social anxiety measures: The Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory and the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 2, 467–476.
(1999). The Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory: Reliability and validity in an adolescent Spanish population. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 21, 67–78.
(2005). Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS-A): Psychometric properties in a Spanish-speaking population. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 5, 85–97.
(1988). Four types of social phobia in a community sample. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 176, 440–445.
(1997). A cognitive-behavioral model of anxiety in social phobia. Behavior Research and Therapy, 35, 741–756.
(1998). Assessment of contemporary social phobia verbal report instruments. Behavior Research and Therapy, 36, 983–994.
(2005). Spanish validation of three social anxiety measures for adolescent population. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Murcia.
(1994). Negative affectivity in children: Development and validation of a self-statement questionnaire. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 18, 509–528.
(2000). Disability and quality of life in social phobia: Epidemiologic findings. American Journal of Psychiatry, 157, 1606–1613.
(1996). Public speaking fears in a community sample. Prevalence, impact on functioning, and diagnostic classification. Archives of General Psychiatry, 53, 169–174.
(1989). An empirically derived inventory to measure social fears and anxiety: The Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory. Psychological Assessment, 1, 35–40.
(2003). The impact of anxiety disorders on educational achievement. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 17, 561–571.
(1998). Social phobia: Effects of external attention on anxiety, negative beliefs, and perspective taking. Behavior Therapy, 29, 357–370.
(1999). Social fears and social phobia in a community sample of adolescents and young adults: prevalence, risk factors and co-morbidity. Psychological Medicine, 29, 309–323.
(1996). Effects of focus of attention on anxiety levels and social performance of individuals with social phobia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 105, 61–69.
(1997). Self-focused attention in the treatment of social phobia. Behavior Research and Therapy, 35, 117–129.
(2007). Psychometric properties of the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale and separation criterion between Spanish youths with and without subtypes of social anxiety. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 21, 603–624.
