Abstract. Although both individual and average causal effects are defined in Rubin's approach to causality, in this tradition almost all papers center around learning about the average causal effects. Almost no efforts deal with developing designs and ...
Abstract. Incremental fit indices (IFIs) are regularly used when assessing the fit of structural equation models. IFIs are based on the comparison of the fit of a target model with that of a null model. For maximum-likelihood estimation, IFIs are usually ...
This article presents a model for investigating the effects of general and specific processes on intelligence as criterion variable. The model enables the representation of the processes as exogenous latent variables that predict the criterion, that is, ...
The classical multitrait-multimethod (MTMM) matrix can be viewed as a two-dimensional cross-classification of traits and methods. Beside commonly used analysis methods such as structural equation modeling and generalizability theory, multilevel analysis ...
Multitrait-multimethod (MTMM) data are characterized by three modes: traits, methods, and subjects. Considering subjects as random, and traits and methods as fixed, stochastic three-mode models can be used to analyze MTMM covariance data. Stochastic three-...
Many psychologists collect multitrait-multimethod (MTMM) data to assess the convergent and discriminant validity of psychological measures. In order to choose the most appropriate model, the types of methods applied have to be considered. It is shown how ...
Probability-based and measurement-related hypotheses for confirmatory factor analysis of repeated-measures data are investigated. Such hypotheses comprise precise assumptions concerning the relationships among the true components associated with the ...
Coefficient alpha (α) has been described as a lower bound for test reliability. However, previous research indicates that when certain assumptions are violated, α can either overestimate or underestimate reliability. Raykov (1997a) has shown how ...
Different methods are reviewed for estimating reliability based on a single administration of a test consisting of ordered categorical items. The nonlinear SEM reliability coefficient appears more flexible than other methods because it is designed to ...
Abstract. In repeated cross-sections of organizations, different individuals are sampled from the same set of organizations at each time point of measurement. As a result, common longitudinal data analysis methods (e.g., latent growth ...