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Originalia

Einflussfaktoren emotionaler Erschöpfung und Arbeitszufriedenheit

Anwendung eines integrativen Untersuchungsansatzes

Published Online:June 19, 2014https://doi.org/10.1026/0932-4089/a000150

Abstract

Da Gesundheit und Arbeitszufriedenheit von Mitarbeitern durch vielfältige Faktoren auf mehreren inhaltlichen Ebenen (Arbeitsplatz, Individuum, Team, Führung, Organisation) bestimmt werden, bedarf es eines Analyseansatzes, der multiple Zusammenhänge berücksichtigt. In dieser Studie wurde ein arbeitspsychologischer Ansatz in einem deutschen Unternehmen mit 1841 Teilnehmern erprobt. Mithilfe von Strukturgleichungsmodellen wurden Zusammenhänge zwischen Belastungen und Ressourcen unterschiedlicher inhaltlicher Ebenen und emotionaler Erschöpfung sowie Arbeitszufriedenheit überprüft. Die Ergebnisse belegen, dass die Faktoren der untersuchten fünf Ebenen in signifikantem Zusammenhang mit Arbeitszufriedenheit stehen. Darüber hinaus konnte gezeigt werden, dass emotionale Erschöpfung den Zusammenhang zwischen den Belastungen sowie Ressourcen und der Arbeitszufriedenheit partiell mediiert. Die Ergebnisse der Studie verdeutlichen, dass die betriebliche Gesundheitsförderung vielfältige Maßnahmen auf unterschiedlichen Ebenen verfolgen sollte, um emotionale Erschöpfung zu reduzieren und Arbeitszufriedenheit zu erhöhen. Beispiele für Interventionen der unterschiedlichen Ebenen (u. a. ergonomische und psychische Belastungsanalysen, Teamfindungsmaßnahmen) werden diskutiert.


Determinants of emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction–Application of an integrative research approach

Since employee health and job satisfaction are determined by various factors on different content levels (i. e., workplace, individual, team, leadership, organization), it is necessary to apply an analytical approach that takes multiple relationships into account. In this study an occupational psychology approach was tested in 1,841 participants of a German company. Structural equation modeling was applied to analyze relationships between job demands and resources of different content levels, emotional exhaustion, as well as job satisfaction. The results reveal relationships between factors of five examined levels and job satisfaction. Furthermore, it could be shown that emotional exhaustion partially mediates the relationship between job demands, resources, and job satisfaction. The results illustrate that workplace health promotion should contain various measures on different levels to reduce emotional exhaustion and enhance job satisfaction. Examples of interventions on different levels, including ergonomic and psychological stress analyses and team building interventions, are discussed.

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