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Originalia

Wirksamkeit von Präventionsmaßnahmen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen:

Published Online:September 01, 2006https://doi.org/10.1026/1616-3443.35.2.151

Abstract

Zusammenfassung.Theoretischer Hintergrund: In den letzten Jahren finden wir international eine sehr umfangreiche Präventionsforschung. Fragestellung und Methode: Die vorliegende Arbeit fasst die Ergebnisse von 23 quantitativen Überblicksarbeiten und Meta-Analysen zu dieser Thematik zusammen. Ergebnisse: Die meisten Arbeiten lagen zur Prävention externalisierender Störungen, zur Suchtprävention und zur Wirksamkeit von Programmen zur allgemeinen Entwicklungsförderung vor. Als generelle Wirksamkeitsschätzung kann von durchschnittlichen Effekten von einer drittel bis einer halben Standardabweichung ausgegangen werden. Gezielte Präventionsmaßnahmen wiesen in der Regel höhere Effektstärken auf als universelle Strategien. Ebenso ergaben Pilotprojekte und Eigen-Evaluationen eine höhere Wirksamkeit der Programme. Schlussfolgerungen: Präventive Maßnahmen haben signifikante und zum Teil beträchtliche Wirkungen auf die Entwicklung von Kindern und Jugendlichen. Weitere Untersuchungen zu den längerfristigen Effekten, zu Fragen der Programm-Implementation, zu Kosten-Nutzen-Aspekten und vergleichenden Analysen von Präventionsalternativen sowie zur Integration erfolgreicher Präventionsprogramme in die Versorgungspraxis sind jedoch dringend erforderlich.


Effects of prevention in childhood and adolescence: Results and implications of research reviews and meta-analyses

Abstract.Background: Over the last years a large body of research on the effectiveness of psychological prevention in childhood and adolescence has been published. Objectives and methods: This article systematically reviews the results of twenty-three reviews and meta-analyses on this topic. Results: Most reviews focussed on prevention of externalising problems, drug prevention and effects of early developmental and family support programs. Overall, prevention had a mean effect of about one third to a half of a standard deviation. Targeted prevention produced higher effect-sizes than universal strategies. Also, better outcomes could be found for pilot projects and in cases where authors or co-workers are involved in the studies. Conclusions: Preventive interventions lead to significant effects on the development of children and adolescents. However, more research on long-term effects, program implementation, cost-benefit-analyses and prevention alternatives as well as on implementation of successful prevention programs within community care systems are highly needed.

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