Der Implizite Assoziationstest als Maß automatisch aktivierter Assoziationen: Reichweite und Grenzen
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Der Implizite Assoziationstest (IAT) ist wahrscheinlich das bekannteste und am weitesten verbreitete Verfahren zur Messung automatisch aktivierter Assoziationen. Trotz der vorliegenden Evidenz für dessen Validität gibt es allerdings nach wie vor Kritik am IAT, die vor allem auf der ungeklärten Frage nach den zugrundeliegenden psychologischen Prozessen beruht. Der folgende Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die vorhandene Forschung zum IAT, um auf diese Weise sowohl die Reichweite als auch die Grenzen des Verfahrens aufzuzeigen. Thematisiert werden dabei Zusammenhänge zu expliziten Fragebogenmaßen, Ergebnisse zur Vorhersagekraft des IAT, Studien zu Kontext- und Materialeffekten, sowie die Rolle systematischer Fehlervarianz. Als Resultat dieses Überblicks stehen eine Reihe von allgemeinen Schlussfolgerungen zur konvergenten, diskriminanten, prädiktiven, inkrementellen und internen Validität des IAT, sowie einige kritische Anmerkungen zu weit verbreiteten Interpretationen in der IAT-Forschung.
Abstract. The Implicit Association Test (IAT) is probably the most well known and most widespread measure of automatically activated associations. Even though there is supportive evidence for the validity of the IAT, there are still controversies about its underlying psychological processes. The following article provides an overview of the available research on the IAT, illustrating both the range and the limits of the measure. This review includes the relation to explicit self-report measures, evidence for its predictive ability, studies on context and material effects, and the role of systematic error variance. Based on this review, we draw conclusions about the convergent, discriminant, predictive, incremental, and internal validity of the IAT, and critically discuss some common interpretations in IAT research.
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