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Originalarbeiten

Motivationaler und gesundheitsschädigender Prozess bei Deutschen Hospizhelfern

Prädiktoren für die Retentionsabsicht und die psychische Gesundheit

Published Online:June 27, 2017https://doi.org/10.1026/0932-4089/a000243

Abstract

Zusammenfassung. Eine möglichst lang anhaltende Bindung (Retention) ehrenamtlicher Hospizhelfer an ihre Freiwilligentätigkeit und die Erhaltung der psychischen Gesundheit sind für ambulante Hospizdienste angesichts steigender Zahlen an hochaltrigen Menschen in unserer Gesellschaft sowie zeit- und ressourcenaufwendiger Qualifikation der Ehrenamtlichen wichtige Kenngrößen. Basierend auf dem Job Demands-Resources Modell (JD-R) untersuchte die vorliegende Studie mögliche Prädiktoren für die Absicht, in der Freiwilligentätigkeit zu verbleiben (Retentionsabsicht), und die psychische Gesundheit bei 110 ehrenamtlichen Hospizhelfern. Im Sinne des motivationalen Prozesses zeigten wir einen positiven direkten Effekt der Ressourcen freiwilliger Hospizhelfer auf deren Retentionsabsicht. Zudem fanden wir einen signifikanten negativen indirekten Effekt von Anforderungen auf die psychische Gesundheit der Freiwilligen, welcher über Burnout vermittelt wurde. Insgesamt sprechen die Ergebnisse für eine hohe Ausprägung der Retentionsabsicht von ehrenamtlichen Hospizhelfern und für geringe Burnout-Werte, jedoch bei mehr als einem Viertel der Studienteilnehmer für Depressivitätswerte, die einer weiteren Diagnostik bedürfen.


Motivational and Health Impairment Processes Among German hospice Volunteers: Predictors of Retention Intention and Psychological Health

Abstract. In light of the growing number of elderly people in developed countries and large investments in the qualification of volunteers in outpatient hospice services, retention of these volunteers and maintaining their mental health are increasingly important. Drawing upon the Job Demands-Resources Model (JD-R), we examined possible predictors for retention intention and mental health among 110 hospice volunteers in Germany. In accordance to the motivational process of the JD-R model, we found a positive significant direct effect of resources on retention intention. Regarding the health impairment process of the JD-R model, we found support for a significant negative indirect effect of demands on psychological health via burnout. Overall, our study participants reported a high level of retention intention and low burnout rates. High depressiveness scores among more than 25 % of the participants need further research.

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