Skip to main content
Search
Search
    Quick Search anywhere
    Quick search in Citations
Advanced Search
Skip main navigationClose Drawer MenuOpen Drawer Menu
Previous article
Next article
Studien

Emotionsregulation und aggressives Verhalten im Jugendalter

Published Online:May 29, 2013https://doi.org/10.1026/0942-5403/a000112

Abstract

Die Störungen des Sozialverhaltens treten im Jugendalter häufig auf und sind mit schwerwiegenden Konsequenzen verbunden. Einen proximalen Risikofaktor dafür stellt wahrscheinlich eine defizitäre Emotionsregulation dar. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde daher der Zusammenhang zwischen Emotionsregulation und aggressivem Verhalten im Grundschulalter untersucht. 278 Jugendliche (12 – 17 Jahre) füllten Selbstberichtsfragebögen zu internalen, externalen, funktionalen sowie dysfunktionalen Emotionsregulationsstrategien und aggressivem Verhalten aus. Hierarchische multiple Regressionsanalysen analysieren den Einfluss von Emotionsregulationsmustern auf verschiedene Formen der Aggression. Die Ergebnisse zeigen zwar signifikante Geschlechtsunterschiede bei der Häufigkeit der Anwendung von Regulationsstrategien, die sich jedoch nicht im Ausmaß aggressiven Verhaltens äußern. Internal- und external-dysfunktionale Emotionsregulation waren bedeutsame Prädiktoren oppositionell-aggressiven Verhaltens und allgemein aggressiven Verhaltens. Allein die external-dysfunktionale Emotionsregulation war Prädiktor aggressiv-dissozialen Verhaltens. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass unterschiedliche Formen aggressiven Verhaltens in differenzierter Weise mit Emotionsregulationsdefiziten in Beziehung stehen. Gezielte Interventionen zur Förderung der Emotionsregulation könnten zukünftig verbreitete Maßnahmen zur Therapie der Störung des Sozialverhaltens ergänzen.


Emotion regulation and aggressive behavior in adolescence

Conduct disorder is a prevalent problem in adolescence and is associated with serious consequences. Deficits in emotion regulation may constitute a proximal risk factor for aggressive behavior patterns. Therefore, the present study examined the relation between emotion regulation and aggressive behavior in preschool children. 278 adolescents (12 – 17 years) filled out self-report questionnaires of internal, external, functional, and dysfunctional emotion regulation and aggressive behavior. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were used to examine the influence of patterns of emotion regulation on different types of aggression. The results revealed significant gender differences in the practice of regulation strategies but not in the extent of aggressive behavior. Internal- and external-dysfunctional emotion regulation were significant predictors of oppositional-aggressive behavior and aggressive behavior in general. Reclusively, external-dysfunctional regulation was a factor in dissocial-aggressive behavior. Results indicate that types of aggression show differentiated relations with deficits in emotion regulation. In the future, systematic interventions for advancing emotion regulation may supplement common therapy programs for conduct disorder.

Literatur

  • American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text revision). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Barnow, S. , Lucht, M. , Freyberger, H. (2005). Correlates of aggressive behavior and delinquent conduct problems in adolescence. Aggressive Behavior, 31, 24 – 39. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Calkins, S. D. (2010). Commentary: Conceptual and methodological challenges to the study of emotion regulation and psychopathology. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 32, 92 – 95. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Calkins, S. D. , Leerkes, E. M. (2011). Early attachment processes and the development. In K. D. Vohs & R. F. Baumeister, (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation. Research, theory, and applications (2nd ed., pp. 355 – 373). New York: Guilford. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Calvete, E. , Orue, I. (2012). The role of emotion regulation in the predictive association between social information processing and aggressive behavior in adolescents. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 36, 338 – 347. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Cicchetti, D. , Ackerman, B. P. , Izard, C. E. (1995). Emotions and emotion regulation in developmental psychopathology. Development and Psychopathology, 7, 1 – 10. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Cicchetti, D. , Ganiban, J. & Barnett, D. (1991). Contributions from the study of high-risk populations to understanding the development of emotion regulation. In J. Garber & K. A. Dodge, (Eds.), The development of emotion regulation and dysregulation (pp. 15 – 48). Cambridge, NY: Cambridge University Press. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Conway, A. M. (2005). Girls, aggression, and emotion regulation. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 75, 334 – 339. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Crick, N. R. , Dodge, K. A. (1994). A review and reformulation of social information-processing mechanisms in children’s social adjustment. Psychological Bulletin, 115, 74 – 101. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Crick, N. R. , Zahn-Waxler, C. (2003). The development of psychopathology in females and males: Current progress and future challenges. Development and Psychopathology, 15, 719 – 742. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • d’Acremont, M. , Van der Linden, M. (2007). How is impulsivity related to depression in adolescence? Evidence from a French validation of the cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire. Journal of Adolescence, 30, 271 – 282. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Dodge, K. A. (2006). Translational science in action: Hostile attributional style and the development of aggressive behavior problems. Development and Psychopathology, 18, 791 – 814. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Dollar, J. M. , Stifter, C. A. (2012). Temperamental surgency and emotion regulation as predictors of childhood social competence. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 112, 178 – 194. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Döpfner, M. , Görtz-Dorten, A. , Lehmkuhl, G. (2008). DISYPS-II. Diagnostik-System für psychische Störungen nach ICD-10 und DSM-IV für Kinder und Jugendliche–II. Bern: Huber. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Eisenberg, N. , Fabes, R. (Eds.). (2006). Emotion regulation and children ’s socioemotional competence. Child psychology: A handbook of contemporary issues (2nd ed.). New York: Psychology Press. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Eisenberg, N. , Fabes, R. A. , Murphy, B. C. , Maszk, P. , Smith, M. , Karbon, M. (1995). The role of emotionality and regulation in children’s social functioning: A longitudinal study. Child Development, 66, 1360 – 1384. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Eisenberg, N. , Fabes, R. A. , Shepard, S. A. , Murphy, B. C. , Guthrie, I. K. , Jones, S. et al. (1997). Contemporaneous and longitudinal prediction of children’s social functioning from regulation and emotionality. Child Development, 68, 642 – 664. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Farrell, A. D. , Sullivan, T. N. , Esposito, L. E. , Meyer, A. L. , Valois, R. F. (2005). A latent growth curve analysis of the structure of aggression, drug use, and delinquent behaviors and their intercorrelations over time in urban and rural adolescents. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 15, 179 – 204. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Fraser, M. W. , Galinsky, M. J. , Smokowski, P. R. , Day, S. H. , Terzian, M. A. , Rose, R. A. et al. (2005). Social information-processing skills training to promote social competence and prevent aggressive behavior in the third grades. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73, 1045 – 1055. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Gillihan, S. J. , Rao, H. , Wang, J. , Detre, J. A. , Breland, J. , Sankoorikal, G. M. et al. (2010). Serotonin transporter genotype modulates amygdala activity during mood regulation. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 5, 1 – 10. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Helmsen, J. , Koglin, U. , Petermann, F. (2012). Emotion regulation and aggressive behavior in preschoolers: The mediating role of social information processing. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 43, 87 – 101. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Herts, K. L. , McLaughlin, K. A. , Hatzenbuehler, M. L. (2012). Emotion dysregulation as a mechanism linking stress exposure to adolescent aggressive behavior. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 40, 1111 – 1122. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Hölling, H. , Erhart, M. , Ravens-Sieberer, U. , Schlack, R. (2007). Verhaltensauffälligkeiten bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. Bundesgesundheitsblatt–Gesundheitsforschung–Gesundheitsschutz, 50, 784 – 793. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Kullik, A. , Petermann, F. (2012). Emotionsregulation im Kindesalter. Göttingen: Hogrefe. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Kullik, A. , Petermann, F. (2013). Attachment to parents and peers as a risk factor for adolescent depressive disorders: The mediating role of emotion regulation. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 44. doi: 10.1007/s10578 – 012 – 0347 – 5 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Laible, D. , Carlo, G. , Panfile, T. , Eye, J. & Parker, J. (2010). Negative emotionality and emotion regulation: A person-centered approach to predicting socioemotional adjustment in young adolescents. Journal of Research in Personality, 44, 621 – 629. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Lemerise, E. A. , Arsenio, W. F. (2000). An integrated model of emotion processes and cognition in social information processing. Child Development, 71, 107 – 118. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Lieberman, M. D. , Hariri, A. , Jarcho, J. M. , Eisenberger, N. I. , Bookheimer, S. Y. (2005). An fMRI investigation of race-related amygdala activity in African-American and Caucasian-American individuals. Nature Neuroscience, 8, 720 – 722. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Livingstone, K. , Harper, S. , Gillanders, D. (2009). An exploration of emotion regulation in psychosis. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 16, 418 – 430. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • McLaughlin, K. A. , Hatzenbuehler, M. L. , Mennin, D. S. , Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2011). Emotion dysregulation in adolescent psychopathology: A prospective study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49, 544 – 554. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • McRae, K. , Gross, J. J. , Weber, J. , Robertson, E. R. , Sokol-Hessner, P. , Ray, R. D. et al. (2012). The development of emotion regulation: An fMRI study of cognitive reappraisal in children, adolescents and young adults. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 7, 11 – 22. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Moffitt, T. E. , Caspi, A. , Rutter, M. , Silva, P. A. (2001). Sex differences in antisocial behaviour: Conduct disorder, delinquency, and violence in the Dunedin Longitudinal Study. Cambridge, NY: Cambridge University Press. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Nock, M. K. , Kazdin, A. E. , Hiripi, E. & Kessler, R. C. (2006). Prevalence, subtypes, and correlates of DSM-IV conduct disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Psychological Medicine, 36, 699 – 710. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Oláh, A. (1995). Coping strategies among adolescents: A cross cultural study. Journal of Adolescence, 18, 491 – 512. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Olson, S. L. , Sameroff, A. J. , Kerr, D. C. , Lopez, N. L. , Wellman, H. M. (2005). Developmental foundations of externalizing problems in young children: The role of effortful control. Development and Psychopathology, 17, 25 – 45. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Orobio de Castro, B. , Merk, W. , Koops, W. , Veerman, J. W. , Bosch, J. D. (2005). Emotions in social information processing and their relations with reactive and proactive aggression in referred aggressive boys. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 34, 105 – 116. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Orobio de Castro, B. , Veerman, J. W. , Koops, W. , Bosch, J. D. , Monshouwer, H. J. (2002). Hostile attribution of intent and aggressive behavior: A meta-analysis. Child Development, 73, 916 – 934. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Ostrov, J. M. , Keating, C. F. (2004). Gender differences in preschool aggression during free play and structured interactions: An observational study. Social Development, 13, 255 – 277. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Pepler, D. J. , Craig, W. M. (2005). Aggressive girls on troubled trajectories: A developmental perspective. In D. J. Pepler, K. C. Madsen , C. Webster & K. S. Levene, (Eds.), The development and treatment of girlhood aggression (pp. 3 – 28). Mahwah, NJ: Earlbaum. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Petermann, F. (2002). Klinische Kinderpsychologie: Das Konzept der sozialen Kompetenz. Zeitschrift für Psychologie, 210, 175 – 185. First citation in articleLink, Google Scholar

  • Petermann, F. , Jaščenoka, J. , Koglin, U. , Petermann, U. , Kullik, A. (2012). Zur Lebenszeitprävalenz Affektiver Störungen im Jugendalter. Kindheit und Entwicklung, 21, 209 – 218. First citation in articleLink, Google Scholar

  • Petermann, F. , Kullik, A. (2011). Frühe Emotionsdysregulation: Ein Indikator für psychische Störungen im Kindesalter? Kindheit und Entwicklung, 20, 186 – 196. First citation in articleLink, Google Scholar

  • Petermann, F. , Petermann, U. (2012a). Training mit aggressiven Kindern (13., veränd. Aufl.). Weinheim: Beltz. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Petermann, F. , Petermann, U. (2012b). Editorial. Kindheit und Entwicklung, 21, 193. First citation in articleLink, Google Scholar

  • Petermann, F. , Wiedebusch, S. (2008). Emotionale Kompetenz bei Kindern (2., veränd. Aufl.). Göttingen: Hogrefe. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Phillips, K. F. (2005). Emotion regulation, psychological health and quality of life in children and adolescents. Unpublished Thesis, University of Edinbourgh. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Phillips, K. F. , Power, M. (2007). A new self-report measure of emotion regulation in adolescents: The regulation of emotions questionnaire. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 14, 145 – 156. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Ravens-Sieberer, U. , Wille, N. , Bettge, S. , Erhart, M. (2007). Psychische Gesundheit von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland. Bundesgesund-heitsblatt–Gesundheitsforschung–Gesundheitsschutz, 50, 871 – 878. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Röll, J. , Koglin, U. , Petermann, F. (2012). Emotion regulation and childhood aggression: Longitudinal associations. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 43, 909 – 923. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Schipper, M. , Petermann, F. (2013). Relating empathy and emotion regulation: Deficits in empathy trigger emotion regulation? Social Neuroscience, 8, 101 – 107. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Schlack, R. , Hölling, H. , Erhart, M. , Petermann, F. , Ravens-Sieberer, U. (2010). Elterliche Psychopathologie, Aggression und Depression bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. Kindheit und Entwicklung, 19, 228 – 238. First citation in articleLink, Google Scholar

  • Schwartz, D. , Proctor, L. J. (2000). Community violence exposure and children’s social adjustment in the school peer group: The mediating roles of emotion regulation and social cognition. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68, 670 – 683. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Silk, J. S. , Steinberg, L. , Morris, A. S. (2003). Adolescents’ emotion regulation in daily fife: Links to depressive symptoms and problem behavior. Child Development, 74, 1869 – 1880. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Southam-Gerow, M. A. , Kendall, P. C. (2002). Emotion regulation and under-standing: Implications for child psychopathology and therapy. Clinical Psychology Review, 22, 189 – 222. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Sullivan, T. N. , Helms, S. W. , Kliewer, W. & Goodman, K. L. (2010). Associations between sadness and anger regulation coping, emotional expression, and physical and relational aggression among urban adolescents. Social Development, 19, 30 – 51. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Thomas, C. R. (2010). Oppositional defiant and conduct disorder. In M. K. Dulcan, (Ed.), Dulcan ’s textbook of child and adolescent psychiatry (pp. 223 – 239). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Thompson, R. A. (1994). Emotion regulation: A theme in search of definition. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 59, 25 – 52, 250 – 283. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • van Lier, P. A. C. , van der Ende, J. , Koot, H. M. , Verhulst, F. C. (2007). Which better predicts conduct problems? The relationship of trajectories of conduct problems with ODD and ADHD symptoms from childhood into adolescence. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48, 601 – 608. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Watkins, E. R. (2008). Constructive and unconstructive repetitive thought. Psychological Bulletin, 134, 163 – 206. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Wiedebusch, S. , Petermann, F. (2011). Förderung sozial-emotionaler Kompetenz in der frühen Kindheit. Kindheit und Entwicklung, 20, 209 – 218. First citation in articleLink, Google Scholar

  • Witthöft, J. , Koglin, U. , Petermann, F. (2010). Zur Komorbidität von aggressivem Verhalten und ADHS. Kindheit und Entwicklung, 19, 218 – 227. First citation in articleLink, Google Scholar

  • Witthöft, J. , Koglin, U. , Petermann, F. (2011). Neuropsychologische Korrelate aggressiv-dissozialen Verhaltens. Zeitschrift für Psychiatrie, Psychologie und Psychotherapie, 59, 11 – 23. First citation in articleLink, Google Scholar

  • Zeman, J. , Cassano, M. , Perry-Parrish, C. , Stegall, S. (2006). Emotion regulation in children and adolescents. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 27, 155 – 168. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar