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Originalarbeit

Intergenerationale Transmission psychischer Auffälligkeiten unter Berücksichtigung von Geschlechtereffekten

Eine längsschnittliche Untersuchung

Published Online:March 23, 2021https://doi.org/10.1026/1616-3443/a000577

Abstract

Zusammenfassung.Hintergrund: Kinder psychisch kranker Eltern sind eine Hochrisikogruppe. Eine mütterliche Erkrankung scheint sich stärker negativ auf die Nachkommen auszuwirken als eine väterliche Erkrankung. Ob sich die Auswirkungen auf Mädchen und Jungen unterscheiden, ist unklar. Fragestellung: Ziel der Studie ist die Klärung von Geschlechtereffekten bei der intergenerationalen Transmission psychischer Auffälligkeiten. Methode: Es wurden N = 267 Familien untersucht, indem die Depressions- und Angstsymptome von Müttern und Vätern mit einem latenten Wachstumskurvenmodell über vier Messzeitpunkte (zehn Jahre) modelliert wurden. Die Überprüfung erfolgt mittels Strukturgleichungsmodellen. Ergebnisse: Es wurden Zusammenhänge zwischen elterlichen und kindlichen Auffälligkeiten gefunden. Dabei steht eine väterliche depressive Symptomatik stärker mit jugendlichen externalisierenden Auffälligkeiten in Verbindung als eine mütterliche depressive Symptomatik. Mädchen entwickeln tendenziell mehr als Jungen internalisierende Auffälligkeiten bei psychisch belasteten Eltern. Schlussfolgerung: Zukünftige Studien sollten Mütter und Väter gleichermaßen einbeziehen. Weiterhin sollten verstärkt Transmissionsmechanismen inklusive möglicher Mediatoren mit Berücksichtigung des elterlichen und kindlichen Geschlechtes untersucht werden.


Sex Differences in Intergenerational Transmission of Psychological Distress – A Longitudinal Examination

Abstract.Background: Children of mentally ill parents are a high-risk group. A maternal mental illness seems to have a greater negative influence than a paternal illness. It is unclear whether the effects on girls and boys differ. Objective: The main aim of the present study was to examine sex differences in the intergenerational transmission of psychological distress. Methods: Families (N = 267) were examined by modeling depression and anxiety of mothers and fathers over four measurement points (10 years) using latent growth curve modeling. Associations were tested using structural equation models. Results: Associations were found between parental and offspring mental health. Paternal depressive symptoms were more closely related to adolescent externalizing problems than were maternal depressive symptoms. There was a tendency for girls with mentally ill parents to develop more internalizing problems than boys with mentally ill parents. Conclusions: Future studies should involve mothers and fathers alike. Furthermore, mechanisms of transmission, including possible mediators, should be investigated, taking into account parental and child gender.

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