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Themenschwerpunkt: Klinische Neuropsychologie

Neuropsychologische Korrelate aggressiv-dissozialen Verhaltens

Published Online:February 28, 2015https://doi.org/10.1024/1661-4747/a000048

Abstract

Bei der Erforschung aggressiv-dissozialen Verhaltens wurde die Bedeutung von neuropsychologischen Funktionen bisher vergleichsweise selten berücksichtigt – zudem sind die Ergebnisse heterogen. Mit einer umfangreichen Literatursuche wurden Studien identifiziert, die die Zusammenhänge von neuropsychologischen Leistungen und aggressiv-dissozialem Verhalten bei Jugendlichen untersuchten. Die Befunde werden differenziert nach Subtypen aggressiv-dissozialen Verhaltens dargestellt (Störung des Sozialverhaltens, physisch-aggressives Verhalten, straffälliges Verhalten und Psychopathie). Insgesamt weisen sie auf die Bedeutung der sprachlichen und exekutiven Funktionen hin. Defizite in diesen Funktionsbereichen sind insbesondere bei früh auftretendem stabilen und gewalttätigen Verhalten nachweisbar. Sprache, exekutive Funktionen und ihr Zusammenspiel werden in ihrer Bedeutung für sozial-kompetentes und aggressiv-dissoziales Verhalten diskutiert und die Ergebnisse werden vor dem Hintergrund der verwendeten Methodik, Einfluss von ADHS und Intelligenz kritisch besprochen. Abschließend werden neuropsychologische Defizite und biosoziale Risikofaktoren in der Entwicklung aggressiv-dissozialen Verhaltens miteinander in Beziehung gesetzt und Schlussfolgerungen für die klinische Praxis dargestellt.


Neuropsychological Correlates of Aggressive and Antisocial Behavior

Neuropsychological functions were seldomly taken into considerations when investigating aggressive and antisocial behavior – furthermore, the results are heterogeneous. A wide research identified studies that examined the relationship between neuropsychological performance and antisocial behavior in adolescents. The results are presented in subtypes of aggressive, antisocial behavior (conduct disorder, physical aggression, delinquent behavior and psychopathy). Essentially the study results suggest a relevance of verbal and executive functions. Deficits in these functions are particularly noticeable in early-onset persistent and violent behavior. Verbal and executive functions as well as their interaction are discussed with regard to social competence and antisocial behavior. The results are discoursed based on the applied methods and the influence of ADHD and intelligence. Finally neuropsychological deficits are related to biosocial risk factors in the development of aggressive behavior and clinical implications are discussed.

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