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Originalia

Moderatoren der Konsistenz implizit und explizit erfasster Einstellungen und Persönlichkeitsmerkmale

Published Online:September 01, 2006https://doi.org/10.1026/0033-3042.57.1.13

Abstract

Zusammenfassung. In zahlreichen Studien zeigte sich, dass implizit erfasste Einstellungen und Persönlichkeitseigenschaften (z.B. mit Hilfe eines Impliziten Assoziationstests von Greenwald et al., 1998) nur mäßig mit Selbstberichtsmaßen für das “gleiche“ Konstrukt korrelieren. Zunächst greifen wir frühere Diskussionen der Konsistenzproblematik auf und erörtern die Frage, welche Variablen den fraglichen Zusammenhang moderieren. Dann schlagen wir ein Prozessmodell vor, aus dem sich Randbedingungen ergeben, unter denen implizite und explizite Indikatoren konvergieren. Das Modell kann die Mehrzahl der empirischen Moderatorbefunde erklären. Bekannte Konsistenzmoderatoren lassen sich vier Kategorien zuordnen: Methodisch triviale Moderatoren (z.B. die Reliabilität der verwendeten Maße), Attribute der jeweiligen Disposition (z.B. die Wichtigkeit einer Einstellung), Merkmale von Personen (z.B. das Anerkennungsmotiv), Merkmale von Situationen (z.B. Anwesenheit anderer). Die Übertragung der Erkenntnisse aus den früheren Konsistenzkontroversen auf die aktuelle Diskussion um die Brauchbarkeit von impliziten Verfahren zur Messung von Einstellungen und Persönlichkeitseigenschaften erweist sich als fruchtbar.


Moderators of the consistency of implicitly and explicitly assessed attitudes and personality traits

Abstract. Many studies have shown that implicitly assessed attitudes and personality traits (e.g., measured with an Implicit Association Test; Greenwald et al., 1998) and self-reports of the same construct correlate only weakly. Following up on previous work on consistency, we identify variables that might moderate the relationship between implicit and explicit indicators of attitudes and personality traits. Subsequently, we propose a process model that specifies conditions under which implicit and explicit indicators of the same construct should converge. The model can account for the majority of moderator effects that have been reported in the literature. Consistency moderators can be divided into four groups: Methodological trivial moderators (e.g., reliability), attributes of dispositions (e.g., attitude importance), person factors (e.g., approval motive), and situation factors (e.g., presence vs. absence of others). Our review demonstrates that insights from earlier consistency controversies applied fruitfully to the current issue of implicit-explicit consistency.

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