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Überblick

Neurobiologie der Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/ Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS)

Published Online:September 01, 2006https://doi.org/10.1026/0942-5403.13.3.137

Abstract

Zusammenfassung. Bei der Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) handelt es sich um eine in der Kindheit beginnende, klinisch und wahrscheinlich auch ätiologisch heterogene Störung, die durch die Symptom-Trias Unaufmerksamkeit, Hyperaktivität und Impulsivität gekennzeichnet ist. Obwohl die genauen neurobiologischen Ursachen der ADHS weiterhin unbekannt sind, konnten in den Forschungsbereichen Genetik, psychosoziale Umweltfaktoren, Neuropsychologie, Psychophysiologie, funktionelle und strukturelle Bildgebung und Biochemie bedeutende Fortschritte erzielt und verschiedene, hypothetische Modelle zur Pathophysiologie entwickelt werden. Die vorliegende Übersichtsarbeit fasst die aktuellen Erkenntnisse der unterschiedlichen Gebiete zusammen und gibt so eine Zusammenfassung über den aktuellen Wissensstand zur Pathophysiologie der ADHS.


Neurobiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Abstract. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is an early-onset, clinically and presumably etiologically heterogeneous disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Although the specific neurobiological basis of ADHD remains unknown, research in the fields of genetics, adverse environmental factors, neuropsychology, psychophysiology, neuroimaging, and neurochemistry has made substantial progress and several models of the underlying pathophysiology have been suggested. This comprehensive review summarizes the relevant findings in these various areas and provides an update of current knowledge concerning the pathophysiology of ADHD.

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