Summary: Past investigations of performance on a conjunctive physical persistence task have yielded consistent evidence of motivation gains in the less able worker - a pattern first seen in data collected over 70 years ago (Köhler, 1926, 1927). Moreover, ...
Summary: The article investigates specific affective reactions to social comparison outcomes within the framework of the contrast-empathy model (Brandstätter, 1998, 2000). One hundred and one participants received vignettes that described social income ...
Summary: The internal/external frame of reference (I/E) model by Marsh assumes two central information sources for the constitution of domain-specific academic self-concepts: (1) Social comparisons (external frame of reference), in which students compare ...
The two studies presented here analyse the effect of conditions of social comparison on the organisation of social representations of intelligence. In order to induce the comparisons, participants were asked successively to describe either the ...
Zusammenfassung: Der medialen Sportberichterstattung wird häufig vorgeworfen, die Sportrealität bzw. das reale Sportereignis nur verzerrt abzubilden und den Rezipierenden eine ganz eigene Mediensportrealität zu vermitteln. Die nahe liegende These lautet, ...
Academic Self-Concepts, Achievement and the Internal Frame of Reference: A Design-Oriented Demonstration of Predictions Derived from the I/E-modelSummary: Even though grades in different subjects are substantially correlated, the corresponding self-...
Summary: Reference group effects on self-concept have been examined in a multitude of empirical studies in various educational settings. Effects of this kind have been most rigorously demonstrated by Herbert W. Marsh, who introduced the term big-fish-...
When High-Achieving Classmates Put Students at a Disadvantage: Reference Group Effects at the Transition to Secondary SchoolingAbstract: In differentiated school systems, the transition from primary school to one of the available lower secondary school ...
This study investigated the direction of effects of temporal and downward social comparisons on self-rated health in very old age. Conversely, self-rated health can either reinforce or hinder comparison processes. In the framework of the Swiss ...
Zusammenfassung. Wird Schülern ein Leistungsergebnis zurückgemeldet, vergleichen sie ihre Leistung nicht nur mit den Leistungen anderer Schüler (sozialer Vergleich), sondern auch mit internen Standards. Sie stellen Vergleiche über die Zeit (temporale ...
Zusammenfassung. In Anlehnung an eine Studie von Filipp, Ferring, Mayer und Schmidt (1997) nahmen N = 105 Personen im Alter zwischen 65 und 92 Jahren zunächst Selbstbewertungen von drei Merkmalen (Geistige Beweglichkeit und Gedächtnis, Körperliche Fitness ...
Zusammenfassung. In der vorliegenden Studie werden soziale Vergleichsprozesse im Kontext der Geschwisterbeziehung im frühen Erwachsenenalter thematisiert. Ausgehend von theoretischen Ansätzen und Befunden der Vergleichsforschung und Evidenz der ...
Zusammenfassung. Auf der Grundlage des Internal/External-frame of reference Modells (I/E-Modell) von Marsh (1986, 1990 soll der Einfluss dimensionaler und sozialer Vergleiche im sportbezogenen Kontext geprüft werden. Das Modell basiert auf der Annahme, ...
Abstract. The investigation builds on and extends demonstrations in the U.S. that romantically disenchanted men and women are attracted to love-lamenting music. The current focus is on preferences of young German adults (n = 52). Ascertainment of ...
Previous studies pay more attention to the cognitive control in classical cognitive conflict task but the time-course of the expectation violation in a social comparison context remains unknown. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded to explore the ...
The present study examined whether social comparison responses (identification and contrast in social comparison) mediated the relationship between goal orientation (promotion and prevention) and self-efficacy, and whether self-efficacy was subsequently ...
Abstract. The aims of this study were, first, to reassess the factor structure of the Iowa-Netherlands Social Comparison Orientation Measure (INCOM) and, second, to explore the associations of its factors with the Reinforcement ...
In recent years, there has been a worldwide increase in the extent of overweight and obesity as well as other eating disorders, especially among youths. Alongside genetic and biological factors that can explain some aspects of these phenomena and the ...
Abstract. In recent years, the viewing of reality television has become increasingly prevalent among television audiences. However, little is known about the psychological processes at work when viewing these programs. This study examined ...