Summary: So far, the examination of prejudice towards ethnic minorities revealed only small correlations between implicit attitude-measures and explicit social judgments. The present article argues that this lack of correspondence is determined partly by ...
The goal of the present study was to provide empirical evidence for the existence of an implicit hierarchy gender stereotype indicating that men are more readily associated with hierarchies and women are more readily associated with egalitarian ...
Abstract: Social phobia (SP) is a common mental disorder in youth often accompanied by absence from school, which may require daycare or inpatient intervention (DC/IN). Objective: The present explorative ...
Reactions to the Stigma of Mental Illness: Social-Psychological Models and Empirical FindingsRecent research on stigma and discrimination has focused on how members of a stigmatized group perceive and react to being discriminated. Well-established models ...
Abstract. Drawing on recent criticism of the Implicit Association Test (IAT), the present study tested the convergent and discriminant validity of two prejudice-related IATs to corresponding explicit prejudice measures in a German student sample (N = 61). ...
The Implicit Association Test as a measure of automatically activated associations: Range and limitsAbstract. The Implicit Association Test (IAT) is probably the most well known and most widespread measure of automatically activated associations. Even ...
Zusammenfassung. In zahlreichen Studien zeigte sich, dass implizit erfasste Einstellungen und Persönlichkeitseigenschaften (z.B. mit Hilfe eines Impliziten Assoziationstests von Greenwald et al., 1998) nur mäßig mit Selbstberichtsmaßen für das “gleiche“ ...
Individual or group, exemplar or category: A two-factor model of reaction time differences in the Implicit Association Test (IAT)Abstract. The Implicit Association Test (IAT) is supposed to measure associations between concepts by way of classifying ...
In der Studie wurde untersucht, ob Geschmackspräferenzen für gesunde und ungesunde Nahrungsmittel sowie implizite Einstellungen zu Nahrungsmitteln bei Kindern im Grundschulalter Zusammenhänge mit dem Body Mass Index (BMI-SDS) aufweisen. 148 Kinder der ...
Implicit attitudes are conceived of as formed in childhood, suggesting extreme stability. At the same time, it has been shown that implicit attitudes are influenced by situational factors, suggesting variability by the moment. In the present article, ...
Evidence for the criterion validity of indirect self-esteem measures is still limited, with only some studies finding effects of implicit (ISE) independent of explicit (ESE) self-esteem. This may be due to the fact that studies predicting actual behavior ...
Based on dual-process models, we assumed that risk taking depends on implicit and explicit risk attitudes and risk propensity. Specifically, we predicted that the convergence between these indicators would depend on the impulsiveness versus reflectiveness ...
The present study used a multi-method, multi-measure, multi-group approach to investigate the discriminant validity of prejudice-related Implicit Association Tests (IATs). Community members from three ethnic/racial groups in the US completed IATs and ...
Self-concept is accessible information that can be used when facing a demanding task. Based on findings suggesting that effects observed in Implicit Association Tests (IATs) could be partially explained by the procedural features of the task, we ...
Implicit Association Tests (IATs) are well-known measures of implicit cognition, particularly attitudes. Previous studies reported that IATs are affected by method-specific variance: IAT effects of more intelligent people may appear smaller due to their ...
Abstract.Background: By communicating collision with a person as a reason for post-suicide railway delays, railway companies may involuntarily communicate to the public that colliding with a train is a suicide ...
According to theories brought forward recently, implicit measures based on reaction times, for instance Implicit Association Tests (IATs), should predict spontaneous behavior better than explicit measures. We applied five IATs to the measurement of the ...
This review discusses basic features of Implicit Association Tests (IATs) that are relevant in order to estimate their suitability of IATs for the valid assessment of individual differences. We start with a description of the essential characteristics of ...
In an effort to remove a presumed confound of extrapersonal associations, Olson and Fazio (2004) introduced procedural modifications to attitude versions of the Implicit Association Test (IAT). We hypothesized that the procedural changes increased the ...
The present paper introduces a new variant of the Implicit Association Test (IAT; Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998) called the Single Block IAT (SB-IAT). By eliminating the IATs block structure, the SB-IAT is argued to solve the structural problem of ...
In the present study we applied a validation strategy for implicit measures like the IAT, which complements multitrait-multimethod (MTMM) analyses. As the measurement method (implicit vs. explicit) and underlying representation format (associative vs. ...
Self-esteem has been traditionally assessed via self-report (explicit self-esteem: ESE). However, the limitations of self-report have prompted efforts to assess self-esteem indirectly (implicit self-esteem: ISE). It has been theorized that ISE and ESE ...
We propose a single-block, single-target, Implicit Association Test (SB-ST-IAT) for measuring implicit disgust sensitivity. Based on dual process theories, we tested the construct validity of this new measure using a sample of N = 75 participants. ...
Abstract. Accumulated evidence suggests that indirect measures such as the Implicit Association Test (IAT) provide an increment in personality assessment explaining behavioral variance over and above self-reports. Likewise, it has been ...
A moderated consistency model is presented, which attempts to explain the consistency between explicit and implicit indicators as a function of awareness and adjustment. In a study on attitudes of Germans toward Turks, we tested the hypothesis that ...
The current research explored the stability of the Implicit Association Test (IAT; Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998) depending on contextual constraints and chronic accessibility. Two studies incorporated background pictures into the IAT. In Study 1, ...
Need for Cognition (NFC) refers to individual differences in intrinsic cognitive motivation and has been proven to be an important trait factor modulating the extent of information processing in social and nonsocial contexts. Given that indirect measures ...
Abstract. Need for Cognition (NFC) as the intrinsic motivation to engage in and enjoy effortful cognitive endeavors has been a useful predictor of dispositional differences in information processing and task performance in experimental settings. In order ...
Abstract. One of the main advantages of measures of automatic cognition is supposed to be that they are less susceptible to faking than explicit tests. It is an empirical question, however, to what degree these measures can be faked, and the response ...
A new chronometric procedure, the Implicit Association Procedure (IAP), was adapted to assess the implicit personality self-concept of shyness. A sample of 300 participants completed a shyness-inducing role play and, before or after the role play, a ...
This article introduces two new indirect measures of anxiety that are based on the Extrinsic Affective Simon Task (EAST; De Houwer, 2003). The EAST differs from the more established Implicit Association Test (IAT; Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998) in ...
K. Rothermund and D. Wentura (2004) showed how Figure-Ground (FG) asymmetries produce effects on the Implicit Association Task (IAT), independent of associations. Here, the FG account was tested for the robust finding that drinkers show a negative alcohol-...
The Brief Implicit Association Test (BIAT) consists of two blocks of trials with the same four categories and stimulus-response mappings as the standard IAT, but with 1/3 the number of trials. Unlike the standard IAT, the BIAT focuses the subject on just ...
Given that human causal judgments may be based on propositional reasoning processes rather than reflecting the strength of associations between cause and outcome representations (e.g., De Houwer, 2009, for a review), the question arises whether there are ...
Recently, Sriram and Greenwald (2009) introduced a new IAT-like measure, the Brief Implicit Association Test (BIAT). Because the BIAT is a new development, empirical evidence for its validity is yet scarce. This comment focuses on two possible approaches ...
Sriram and Greenwald (2009) introduced a new variant of the Implicit Association Test, which they termed the Brief Implicit Association Test (BIAT). The BIAT differs from a standard IAT by using less trials and by instructing participants to focus on only ...
The comment articles in this issue by Friese and Fiedler (F&F) and by Rothermund and Wentura (R&W) offer perspectives on the validity of the Brief Implicit Association Test (BIAT) (Sriram & Greenwald, 2009; S&G). F&F concluded that construct validity of ...
Research using the Implicit Association Test (IAT) has shown that names labeled as Caucasian elicit more positive associations than names labeled as non-Caucasian. One interpretation of this result is that the IAT measures latent racial prejudice. An ...
Two studies investigated the different contribution of positive and negative associations to the size of the Implicit Association Test (IAT) effect. A Many-Facet Rasch Measurement analysis was applied for the purpose. Across different IATs (Race and ...
Previous research on the fakeability of the Implicit Association Test (IAT) yielded inconsistent results. The present study simultaneously analyses several relevant factors: faking direction, type of instructions, and practice. Furthermore, it takes ...
Explicit measures can be affected by self-involvement in processing of a message (Johnson & Eagly, 1989). Here, we show that self-involvement in a counter-stereotypical message also influences implicit measures such as the Implicit Association Test (...
Abstract. The Implicit Association Test (IAT) is a popular tool for measuring attitudes. We suggest that performing an IAT could, however, also change attitudes via analogical learning. For instance, when performing an IAT in which ...
We investigated whether political print ads were able to moderate the influence of automatic affective gut reactions (i.e., implicit attitudes) on overtly expressed evaluations (i.e., explicit attitudes) of foreigners. In accordance with the feeling-as-...
Implicit preferences for Whites compared to Blacks can be reduced via exposure to admired Black and disliked White individuals (Dasgupta & Greenwald, 2001). In four studies (total N = 4,628), while attempting to clarify the mechanism, we found that ...
The stereotype content model (SCM) postulates that stereotype content can be mixed in terms of diverging evaluations on the warmth and competence dimensions. The present study is the first to demonstrate this with implicit measures. Two Implicit ...
In two studies, participants read persuasive messages introduced by an attractive (Study 1) or likeable (Study 2) source before completing measures of implicit and explicit evaluations. The persuasive messages were in favor of an unfamiliar brand of ...
In 2001, Brendl and colleagues reported a reversed compatibility effect for an insect-nonword Implicit Association Test (IAT), apparently indicating more positive attitudes for insects than for neutral nonwords and therefore calling into question the ...
For the indirect measurement of approach-avoidance tendencies, two procedures are introduced and compared. The procedures are modifications of the standard IAT and the Recoding-Free IAT (IAT-RF) and use a motivational attribute dimension (approach, ...