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Diagnostik

Neuropsychologische Diagnostik bei Kindern mit ADHS

Published Online:April 24, 2009https://doi.org/10.1026/0942-5403.18.2.83

Abstract

Aktuelle Modelle zur Ätiopathogenese der Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) postulieren vor allem Defizite in den exekutiven Funktionen sowie motivationale Störungen als zentrale neuropsychologische Komponenten bei den betroffenen Patienten. Um die kognitiven und exekutiven Defizite der ADHS zu erfassen, finden derzeitig vor allem im englischen Sprachraum Testverfahren Anwendung, die auf der PASS-Theorie basieren. Durch die Erfassung der dynamischen kognitiven Prozesse Planungsfähigkeit und Aufmerksamkeit sowie sequenzielle und simultane Informationsverarbeitung zeigt sich die PASS-Theorie sensibel bezüglich der spezifischen kognitiven Probleme und exekutiven Defizite von Kindern mit Störungen der Aufmerksamkeit oder Hyperaktivität. Die Übersicht setzt sich ausführlich mit den neuropsychologischen Grundlagen der ADHS auseinander und stellt entsprechende diagnostische Verfahren vor. Die Rolle aktueller, auf der PASS-Theorie basierender Testverfahren für den diagnostischen Prozess und daraus resultierende Implikationen für den klinischen Alltag werden diskutiert.


Neuropsychological assessment in children with ADHD

Current models of the etiopathogenesis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) postulate that executive function deficits and motivational dysfunctions are the essential neuropsychological constituents in affected patients. Measures to assess the cognitive and executive deficits specific to ADHD based on PASS theory are being applied increasingly in the English-speaking area. PASS theory has been shown to be sensitive to the specific cognitive problems and executive deficits of children with ADHD by assessing the following dynamic cognitive processes: planning, attention, and simultaneous and successive processing. This review describes in detail the neuropsychological fundamentals of ADHD and presents corresponding diagnostic measures. The role of current measures based on PASS theory in regard to the diagnostic process and resulting implications for clinical everyday life are discussed.

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