Abstract: Most cognitive psychological studies assume that participants in lab-based tasks maintain a single goal based on task instructions. However, people can be motivated by other factors, such as curiosity. We examined if people attend to seemingly ...
Zusammenfassung: Die Untersuchung befaßt sich mit der Frage, ob Aufmerksamkeit, Intelligenz und Verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeit als zentrale Komponenten von «mentaler Leistungsfähigkeit» aufgefaßt werden können. Dazu wurden die Zusammenhänge zwischen ...
Additional Standard Data of Elderly Subjects to the Alertness Sub-Test from the German Testbatterie zur Aufmerksamkeitsprüfung (TAP)Abstract: The normative data contained in the German Testbatterie zur Aufmerksamkeitsprüfung (TAP) is applicable to test ...
Evaluation of a Neuropsychological Training of Attentional Functions for Brain Damaged OutpatientsAbstract: Within the scope of an experimental study design the efficacy of an outpatient neuropsychological attention training was studied in 20 patients ...
Factor Structure of Different Neuropsychological Tests - Results of a Retrospective Study with Brain-Damaged PatientsAbstract: The tests results of 153 brain-damaged patients were factor analyzed. Their structure was examined. The factor analysis of 33 ...
Attention and Mood under the Influence of Stress HormonesThe study was designed for assessment of the effects of the stress hormones corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH), adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) and cortisol released by the hypothalamic-...
Self-Perceived Descriptions of Attention: A Comparison Between Brain Damaged Patients and Healthy SubjectsAbstract: A new questionnaire of self perceived descriptions of attention was provided. N = 111 students and N = 45 brain damaged patients were ...
Changes in Attention Due to Lorazepam (Benzodiazepine)Abstract: Clinical evidence and the findings from experimental studies suggest that attention deteriorates under the influence of benzodiazepines. The purpose of the present study was to determine ...
Contingent Negative Variation (CNV) in Children with Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder - An Experimental Study Using the Continuous Performance Test (CPT)SummaryObjectives: Evaluation of event-related potentials for selective attention in ...
Does a Cognitive Training Produce the Expected Effect? A Comparison of Reasoning and Attentional Behavior TrainingAbstract: The present experiment tests the hypotheses that inductive reasoning training fosters inductive reasoning and attentional behavior ...
Does Chewing Gum Enhance Cognitive Abilities? Two Rather Extraordinary ExperimentsBased on a few methodically weak studies with small samples, the mass media frequently claims that chewing gum has a positive impact on learning efficiency, concentration, ...
Optimizing medication intake in patients with chronic liver diseaseAbstract. Non-adherence in patients with chronic liver disease is a problem resulting in various consequences ranging from disease deterioration to death. Insufficient medication ...
Abstract: Numerous outcome studies have indicated that fatigue is one of the most universal and persistent problems reported following traumatic brain injury (TBI). The present study will examine fatigue following TBI, as reported subjectively, its ...
Abstract: Behavioral and PET/fMRI-data are presented to delineate the functional networks subserving alertness, sustained attention, and vigilance as different aspects of attention intensity. The data suggest that a mostly right-hemisphere frontal, ...
Abstract: The objectives of this review paper were to demonstrate whether there are separable attentional processes related to the frontal lobes, and to illustrate procedures on how to examine this question. Distinctions among frontal lobe attentional ...
Abstract: In a multicenter European approach, the efficacy of the AIXTENT computerized training programs for intensity aspects (alertness and vigilance) and selectivity aspects (selective and divided attention) of attention was studied in 33 patients with ...
Abstract: The aim of the present study was to examine to what extent chronic pain has an impact on various attentional processes. To measure these attention processes a set of experimental standard tests of the “Testbatterie zur Aufmerksamkeitsprüfung” (...
Neuropsychological Performance in Patients with Narcolepsy with Special Emphasis on AttentionAbstract: Attention and memory problems are presumably responsible for a variety of everyday life problems in patients with narcolepsy. Nevertheless, relatively ...
Training Effects in the TAP Subtests Go/Nogo and Divided Attention as well as in the Attention to Detail Test d2Abstract: The aim of the present study was to test whether participants can improve their performance in two different TAP (testbattery for ...
Zusammenfassung. Essstörungen stellen eine wichtige psychiatrische Behandlungsindikation dar. Es ist bekannt, dass bei diesen Erkrankungen auch klinisch relevante kognitive Defizite und Auffälligkeiten in der Informationsverarbeitung bestehen, die im ...Neuropsychological Impairments and Cognitive Processing of Food-Stimuli in Anorexia nervosaSummary. Eating disorders are common and severe psychiatric problems. In the present paper we review cognitive impairments in anorexia nervosa in different ...
Es wird ein selektiver Überblick über Einsatzmöglichkeiten von ereigniskorrelierten Hirnpotenzialen (EKPs) in der neuropsychologischen Einzelfalldiagnostik gegeben. Dabei wird zunächst auf die neurophysiologischen Grundlagen und einzelne wichtige ...
Die Skala zur Erfassung von Aufmerksamkeitsproblemen (SEA) ist ein Selbst- und Fremdbeurteilungsverfahren zur Erfassung von Beeinträchtigungen der Aufmerksamkeit. Zur Untersuchung der psychometrischen Eigenschaften der SEA wurden 202 Patienten mit ...
Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es, die im deutschen Sprachraum verfügbaren Aufmerksamkeitstests einzelnen Aufmerksamkeitskomponenten zuzuordnen und zu charakterisieren. Zur Klärung des Konstrukts Aufmerksamkeit werden konzeptuelle Überlegungen angestellt, eine ...
Although computerized attention tests are used frequently, our knowledge about the convergent and predictive validity of these tests is limited. In the present study, 47 stroke and traumatic brain injury patients performed the Attention Network Test (ANT) ...
In der vorliegenden Untersuchung sollte geprüft werden, inwieweit die Theta-Beta-Ratio ein geeignetes Maß für Neurofeedback ist. Bei einer Gruppe Gesunder sowie einer Gruppe hirngeschädigter Patienten wurde hierzu eine Einzelsitzung Neurofeedback mit der ...
Bei der Entwicklung der Verfahren der Testbatterie Wahrnehmungs- und Aufmerksamkeitsfunktionen (WAF: Sturm, 2006) kommt der theoriegeleiteten Operationalisierung einer aktuellen Aufmerksamkeitstaxonomie (vgl. Van Zomeren & Brouwer, 1994; Posner und ...
Die Verwendung von Kompensationsstrategien im Umgang mit Aufmerksamkeitsstörungen wurde bislang in der Klinischen Neuropsychologie nicht systematisch untersucht. Ein Grund für diesen Neglect ist darin zu sehen, dass momentan kaum entsprechende Fragebögen ...
Construction of a Questionnaire for Complaints of Cognitive Disturbances in Patients with Mental DisordersThe present study aimed at a first evaluation of the new developed questionnaire for complaints of cognitive disturbances (FLei) in patients with ...
Clinical Validity of the Kaufman-Computerized Assessment Battery in the Assessment of Children with ADHDThis study examined the utility of the PASS theory of intelligence (Planning, Attention, Simultaneous, Successive) as measured by the K-CAB for ...
Memory and Learning Abilities in Children and Adolescents with acquired Brain InjuriesDeficits in memory and attention are common features after brain injury. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of deficits in attention (TAP-alertness) in ...
Evaluation of the Neuropsychological Group Training ATTENTIONER for Attention Therapy with Children and AdolescentsThe neuropsychological group training ATTENTIONER to treat children and adolescents with attention deficit disorders allows the targeted ...
We assessed whether video game experience exerts substantial influence on standardised measures of driving skill. Three subject groups (n = 90) with different video game experiences (frequent, moderate and without extensive experience) performed standard ...
Daten zur Retest-Stabilität von sechs Untertests der „Testbatterie zur Aufmerksamkeitsprüfung für Kinder” (KITAP) wurden an einer klinisch-sozialpädiatrischen Stichprobe von 64 sechs- bis siebenjährigen Kindern über ein Retestintervall von 14 – 28 Tagen ...
Der Trail Making Test (TMT) ist ein international weit verbreitetes Verfahren, das z. B. zur Untersuchung von Patienten mit erworbenen Hirnschädigungen eingesetzt wird. Die Performanz im TMT wird mit unterschiedlichen neuropsychologischen Domänen, wie z. ...
Neuropsychological Assessment of Adult ADHDADHD can be regarded as a multidimensional disorder often accompanied by neuropsychological impairments. Not only attention intensity, attention control and executive functions are affected but also additional ...
The Computerized Test Battery for Attentional Performance for Children (KITAP): Relations with Working Memory and Perceptual SpeedThe present study explores relationships between different aspects of attention (subtests of KITAP: Distractibility, ...
Objective: Relatively little is known about the effects of low-dose alcohol effects on attentional performance in adolescents. In the present study, we examined these effects compared to those in adults. Method: 44 healthy subjects (21 adolescents and 23 ...
Negative Antwortverzerrungen werden quantitativ mit expliziten Beschwerdenvalidierungstests oder mit eingebetteten Parametern untersucht. Es wird die Kriteriumsvalidität der Standardabweichung von Reaktionszeiten als eingebetteter Parameter zur ...
Weltweit liegen aktuell nur sehr wenige Studien zur kognitiven Leistungsfähigkeit bei Jugendlichen mit regelmäßigem Cannabiskonsum vor und die Befundlage dazu ist nicht eindeutig. Um potentielle Leistungsunterschiede zu erheben, wurden 20 Jugendliche mit ...
Abstract. Initially we assessed self-rated cognitive deficits, depression and quality of life in MS patients and healthy controls (n = 299) by an online survey. Secondly, attention performance of MS outpatients (n = 33) was objectively assessed by the ...
Mindfulness-based Therapy of Cognitive FunctionsAbstract. In the last decades, the practice of mindfulness has become into the focus of clinical psychology and medicine. In the recent past, researchers have also investigated whether mindfulness ...
Subjective ratings and objective cognitive performance in mentally healthy individualsAbstract. Neuropsychological studies show equivocal results for the relationship between subjective and objective measures of cognitive performance. Cognitive ...
Cognitive biases and metacognition in Multiple Sclerosis (MS)Abstract. The psychological and cognitive impairments from multiple sclerosis (MS) have been in the focus of both patients and physicians for several ...
Abstract. Neurocognitive deficits in patients with mental disorders are partially due to secondary influences. “Stereotype threat” denotes the phenomenon that performance is compromised when a participant is ...
Abstract: Although objective attention deficits have been well established in aphasia patients, there is little evidence of subjective attention deficits since these are mostly assessed with rating scales and ...
The Construct and Criterion-Related Validity of the TAP and KiTAP Neuropsychological Test Batteries in Elementary-School ChildrenAbstract: Despite the widespread use of the Test Battery of Attentional Performance (...
Many studies have demonstrated a gaze-cuing effect in humans, whereby observers are quicker to respond to targets in locations cued by others’ gaze direction than they are to respond to uncued targets. Although researchers have generally suggested that ...
Empirical research has demonstrated associations between heart rate variability (HRV) and the regulation of emotion and behavior. Similarly, self-regulation of attention to one’s experience of the present moment in an accepting and nonjudgmental manner is ...
Computer use generally requires manual interaction with human-computer interfaces. In this experiment, we studied the influence of manual response preparation on co-occurring shifts of attention to information on a computer screen. The participants were ...
Abstract. Previous studies revealed that performance in paper-and-pencil tests of attention, such as the d2-R test, improves with practice, though the sources of these practice effects are yet unknown. Practice effects in psychometric ...
Reliability of attention and verbal memory tests with normal children and adolescents - clinical implicationsSummary:Objectives: Neurological assessment is an intriguing tool for the characterisation of cognitive dysfunctions associated with childhood ...
Mindfulness-based intervention in attention-deficit-/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)This paper reviews the current literature on mindfulness-based interventions in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Mindfulness means paying ...
Abstract: The transition from preschool to elementary school places demands on children to pay attention, control their impulses, and avoid fidgeting. However, to the best of our knowledge, no studies have ...
Components of Intelligence and Attention in Boys with ADHDIn the present study we compared the performance of boys with ADHD with the norms from the general population. We measured the performance of 85 boys with newly diagnosed ADHD aged 6 to 13 in the ...
Die Studie beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, ob und inwieweit lernpsychologische Techniken die Exekutivfunktionen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit ADHS innerhalb eines multimodalen Therapieprogramms günstig beeinflussen können. 45 Kinder und Jugendliche mit ...
Lack of sleep, benzodiazepines and reaction performanceAbstract. Common wisdom holds that measures of attention are affected by both acute use of benzodiazepines and by lack of sleep. The published data is, however,...
Zusammenfassung: In den letzten Jahrzehnten hat sich die Messung und Analyse von Blickbewegungen mehr und mehr zur einer Standardmethode für die Untersuchung des Lesens und der Leseentwicklung im Kindesalter entwickelt. Im vorliegenden Artikel werden ...
Extended abstractChildren with Developmental Dyscalculia Focus Spontaneously Less on NumerositiesChildren differ in how much they spontaneously pay attention to quantitative aspects in their surroundings. The tendency to Spontaneously Focus On ...
On the Prediction of Learning-Related Behavior by Domain-General Precursor SkillsAbstract:Background: The importance of domain-general precursor skills for academic achievement is already well established empirically. In ...
Abstract.Background: In a goalkeeping task that entailed intercepting fast-approaching balls, the present research examined whether training under conditions more intense than those of a subsequent test yields a performance improvement. Methods: Fifty ...
Attention and memory in anxiety and depressionAbstract.Anxiety and depression are among the most frequent mental disorders. Regarding their origin and maintenance, biases of cognitive processes are supposed to play an important role. Assumptions about ...
Dimension-based attention in visual searchAbstract. This artical reviews recent studies demonstrating the role of dimension-based visual attention in visual search for singleton targets across dimensions. In the search experiments, observers had to ...
Sensory memory and attentional control as a pre-requisite for working memory processesAbstract. Typically, working memory models stress the function of maintaining information in the service of higher cognitive functions. We discuss another aspect of ...
Zusammenfassung. In der Sondierreiz-Aufgabe von Posner und Boies (1971) muss mit zwei Fingern einer Hand eine Wahlreaktionsaufgabe (Primäraufgabe) bearbeit werden, während mit der anderen Hand eine Einfachreaktion auf zufällig eingestreute Sondierreize ...
High frequency oscillatory neural activities in the human brainAbstract. Synchronized neural activity in animal visual cortex in the frequency range above 20 Hz, the gamma band, has been proposed as a signature of temporal feature binding. More and more ...
Abstract. Three experiments with an arithmetic working memory task examine the object switch effect first reported by Garavan (1998; Garavan (1998), which was interpreted as evidence for a focus of attention within working memory. Experiments 1a and 1b ...
Zusammenfassung. In zwei Untersuchungen mit N = 117 und N = 90 Studierenden wurde die Struktur von Konzentrationstestleistungen mit Hilfe von konfirmatorischen Faktorenanalysen untersucht. Die Probanden bearbeiteten insgesamt 11 bzw. 10 Tests zur ...
Assessment of Mental Rotation Performance at Primary School Age. A Computer-Based Test Procedure for First to Third Grades (cMR)Abstract: Mental rotation performance as a part of visuospatial skills is closely related to mathematical ...
Zusammenfassung. Wird visuell-räumliche Reizinformation automatisch verarbeitet? Psychologische Experimente scheinen das zu belegen. Reize, die plötzlich am Rand des Blickfelds erscheinen, ziehen die Aufmerksamkeit unwillkürlich auf den Ort ihres ...
When fear and anxiety derail: The pathology of the human defense systemAbstract. From the perspective of Biological Psychology, fear and anxiety are emotional states that activate a defense system in the mammalian brain. This defense system regulates the ...
Working memory: the past, the present, and the future of a theoretical constructAbstract. Working memory provides a theoretical framework for the analysis of maintenance of information in the context of subsequent cognitive processes and associated ...
Verbal short-term memory as the result of interactions between attention, order processing, and language activationAbstract. This paper investigates the potential specificity of verbal short-term memory in the light of its relation with lexical language ...
Cognitive control of attention intensity: Functional neuroanatomyAbstract. Functional networks for the cognitive control of intensity aspects of attention subserve both the short time regulation of attentional activation level (alertness) as well as long ...
Zusammenfassung. Obwohl negative Beziehungen zwischen Fernsehkonsum und Schriftspracherwerb inzwischen in zahlreichen Studien belegt werden konnten, ließ sich die Frage nach wesentlichen Wirkmechanismen bislang nur unzureichend klären. In der hier ...Attention as a mediator of the relationship between television and school achievementAbstract. Although there is evidence for a negative relationship between TV consumption and literacy acquisition, the role of potential causal mechanisms remains ...
Zusammenfassung. In einer systematischen Beobachtung im Klassenzimmer wurde untersucht, ob sich das Arbeitsverhalten von Schülerinnen und Schülern in gymnasialen Begabtenklassen im Unterricht vom Arbeitsverhalten von Schülerinnen und Schülern in regulären ...Work habits in secondary school classes for the gifted: A systematic observation studyAbstract. Using systematic observation of lessons we investigated whether the work habits of students in secondary classes for the gifted (Gymnasium track) differ from ...
Stroke in children. Neuropsychological aspectsAbstract. Stroke in childhood and adolescence is a rare pediatric disease. Children affected by stroke suffer from neurological and neuropsychological impairments. The character and the complexity of ...
Autistische Störungen (ASD) sind definiert durch Einschränkungen der sozialen Interaktion, Kommunikation und Sprache sowie durch stereotypes Verhalten und Sonderinteressen. Zusätzlich sind neuropsychologische Besonderheiten beschrieben worden. Methoden: ...
The clinical validity of a computerized test battery for attentional performance for children (KITAP) in the diagnosis of ADHD in children aged 7 – 10 yearsNeuropsychological tests have been shown to discriminate between children with and without ...
Motor coordination impairments in childhood: The role of individual differences in cognitive functionsThe aim of the present study was to explore cognitive functions in children with poor motor coordination and in children at risk for developmental ...
Correlation between attention deficits and reading and writing deficitsIn addition to other factors, processes of attention are essential in the acquisition of reading and writing. The present study examined, by means of special tests, different ...
Social cognition in autism spectrum disorder and conduct disorderSocial cognition comprises different aspects of implicit and explicit information processing which take place during social interaction, e. g., implicit attention on social stimuli, emotion ...
Executive Functions in Children with Motor Coordination ImpairmentsLinks between motor coordination impairments and the development of executive functions have been explored in several recent investigations. In the current study, cognitive and motor ...
The Marburger Konzentrationstraining Promotes Elementary School Children’s Concentration Skills and Study BehaviorAbstract. According to recent prevalence studies, attention deficit is a common problem in elementary-school-aged children, both at school ...
Zusammenfassung. In dieser Studie wurde der Einfluss eines videobasierten Trainings von Wahrnehmung und Aufmerksamkeit auf taktische Entscheidungsprozesse im Fußball überprüft. Der Versuchsplan folgte einem varianzanalytischen Messwiederholungsdesign mit ...
Watching Without Seeing: Determinants and Mechanisms of Inattentional BlindnessAbstract. We sometimes fail to consciously notice stimuli right in front of our eyes if those stimuli occur unexpectedly and our attention is diverted by another task. This ...
Steering selective attention in tinnitus: an experimental psychophysiological studyAbstract.Theoretical Background: Models of the development, maintenance, and treatment of tinnitus emphasize the role of attention focusing on the ear noise. Questions: ...
Cognitive changes during fastingAbstract.Background: Extreme restriction of caloric intake leads to hormonal and metabolic changes. Objective: Is there cognitive impairment after 72 hours of fasting? Method: Fifteen volunteers from a Buchinger fasting ...
Stressinduced attenuation of attention in young adults with high ADHD like symptomatologyAbstract.Background: Models of maintenance of ADHD in adults hypothesise, that general attention and in turn self attention can be diminished by stress. Objective: ...
Einleitung: Es wurden Selbststeuerungskompetenzen und der Einfluss der Unaufmerksamkeit auf die Selbststeuerung bei Erwachsenen mit einer Aufmerksamkeits-Defizit/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) untersucht. Methode: Erwachsene mit ADHS und gesunde Kontrollen ...
Zusammenfassung. Es werden 2 Experimente vorgestellt, die den kausalen Zusammenhang zwischen dem Unterhaltungspotenzial von Hörspielen, der Aufmerksamkeit und dem Sprachlernen von drei- bis vierjährigen Kindern untersuchen. In Experiment 1 wurde 20 ...
Product placement, brand memory, brand image (1): Review and further experimentAbstract. On the basis of previous research it remains unclear in how far advertising effects could be achieved by product placement. Therefore, we conducted an experiment ...
Product placement, brand memory, brand image (2): Influence of attentionAbstract. According to the findings of Bock und Gómez Izquierdo (2006), product placement has only small effects, presumably because brand products are hardly noticed. To explore ...
Abstract The experiment reported here was aimed at determining whether the level of brain activity can be related to performance in trained subjects. Two tasks were compared: a temporal and a linguistic task. An array of four letters appeared on a screen. ...
Abstract Mild head injury can result in the development of persistent symptoms including impairments of memory and attention in a small but significant minority. The problem in assessing these difficulties in such cases is the likely interaction of ...
Abstract Previous research has suggested a possible link between the effects of scopolamine-induced muscarinic cholinergic receptor blockade on memory and its effect on auditory P3 amplitude and latency. A potential problem with this hypothesis is that, ...
The use of mobile phones has been shown to increase drivers' reaction times (RTs), but whether this results from interference with attention, stimulus identification, or response production remains unclear. We recorded RTs and event-related brain ...
Abstract Two experiments were conducted to assess simultaneously the effects of attentional and emotional processes on startle eyeblink modulation. In each experiment, participants were presented with a pleasant and an unpleasant picture. Half the ...
Abstract In the present study we explored the focusing of visuospatial attention in subjects practicing and not practicing activities with high attentional demands. Similar to the studies of Castiello and Umiltà (e. g., 1990), our experimental procedure ...